Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

My CNS > Unit VI > Flashcards

Unit VI Flashcards

1
Q

List the areas of the Midbrain

A

Tectum, Cerebral Aqueduct (of Sylvius), Cerebral Peduncles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which area of the midbrain is composed of a quadrigeminal plate made up of four collicular bodies (superior and inferior collicular pairs)?

A

Tectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What area of the midbrain is a channel for CSF exchange between the 3rd and 4th ventricles?

A

Cerebral Aqueduct (of Sylvius)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What cranial nerve nuclei are found in/near the periaqueductual gray substance (or central gray) matter that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct?

A

C.N. III & IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three parts of the Cerebral Peduncles

A

Tegmentum, Substantia Nigra, Crus Cerebri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Known as the Trochlear nerve, it is the smallest C.N. It innervates the superior oblique muscule (trochlear muscle) of the eye.

A

C.N. 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the APPARENT origin of C.N. 4 and where do the fibers cross over?

A

uniquely out of the mid-dorsal/mid-posterior aspect just inferior to the inferior colliculus. They cross over from the opposite trochlear nucleus as they exit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List all 4 unique characteristics of the 4th C.N.

A
  1. Smallest
  2. Apparent origin on posterior
  3. Fibers cross AS THEY EXIT
  4. Travels the furthest inside the cranial vault
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Known as the Oculomotor nerve, it is a large cranial nerve which innervates 4 of the 6 extraocular eye muscles (superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique).

A

C.N. 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fibers from ____ nucleus (of the midbrain) contribute preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to C.N. 3.

A

Edinger-Westphals’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The SUPERIOR colliculi deal with ____ reflexes.

A

VISUAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The INFERIOR colliculi deal with ____ reflexes

A

AUDITORY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Both sets of colliculi utilize the ____ tract for these protective reflexes. They allow us to move our head away from loud sounds and objects moving rapidly in our field of vision.

A

tectospinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The tectospinal tract INFLUENCES the neurons in the upper cervical through C.N. 11. It, in turn, contracts the ____ and ____ muscles to prevent head injury.

A

SCM, trapezius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lesions to the ____ don’t impair voluntary eye movements. Only perception of motion of objects in the field of vision.

A

tectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the nuclei of ORIGIN for C.N. 3 & 4?

A

Tegmentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The reticular formation of the midbrain is located in the ___.

A

tegmentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The red nucleus is divided into an inferior large cell area called the ____ area, and a highly vascular superior area called the ____ area.

A

magnocellular; parvocellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Most fibers of the ____ originate in the magnocellular area.

A

rubrospinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Input fibers come to the red nucleus from the ____ and the ____.

A

Central cerebellar nuclei (except the fastigial); cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The red nucleus functions as a contralateral motor response center necessary for postural control and muscle tone control PRIMARILY in (FLEXOR or EXTENSOR) musculature?

A

Flexor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What gives the substantia nigra its black appearance?

A

Melanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Melanine is present in the substantia nigra in neurons that serete what chemical?

A

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Afferent and efferent fibers of the substantia nigra are exchanged between the telencephalon’s ____ and ____ nuclei.

A

caudate; putamen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

5 parts of the diencephalon

A

3rd ventricle, epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The ____ is the most significant relay center for sensory input to the cerebrum EXCEPT ____.

A

diencephalon; olfaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The diencephalon is a significant center of ____ and ____ functions.

A

autonomic, endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The epithalamus includes the ____ and the ____

A

pineal gland, posterior commissure

29
Q

The pineal gland is known as the ____ cerebri and the pituitary gland is known as the ____ cerebri.

A

epiphysis; hypophysis

30
Q

Pineal tumors are hard to remove. They are found in only ___% of tumors

A

1%

31
Q

Pineal gland secretes ____, ____, & ____.

A

melatonin, seratonin, norepinephrine

32
Q

Pineal gland is most active between ____am & ____am.

A

2 & 4 AM

33
Q

The pineal gland is sensitive to light through a pathway originating in the retina and synapsing in the ____ nucleus of the hypothalamus.

A

suprachiasmatic

34
Q

T/F - Melatonin is a CONTROLLER of the circadian cycle.

A

FALSE. It is a FUNCTION of the cycle.

35
Q

“SAD (Sesonal Affective Disorder)” affects about 1 in ___ people in the U.S.

A

20

36
Q

The ____ is found just superior to the tectum of the midbrain. Just anterior and INFERIOR to this is a small structure called the ____.

A

Posterior Commissure; subcommissural organ

37
Q

The subcommissural organ is composed primarily of specialized ____ cells and “may” produce ____.

A

ependymal; aldosterone

38
Q

The ____ is the largest of all nuclei in the CNS.

A

thalamus

39
Q

The lateral and medial geniculate bodies are often classified as the ____.

A

metathalamus

40
Q

The thalamus is a single structure composed of two masses of gray matter, joined together by a bridge of gray substance called the ____ or the Interthalamic Adhesion

A

Massa Intermedia

41
Q

All sensory input to the cerebral hemispheres EXCEPT ____ is RELAYED, and to some extent ____ in the thalamus.

A

olfaction; INTEGRATED

42
Q

T/F - Complete integration of sensory input is possible in the thalamus.

A

FALSE - olfaction NOT included. AND relay is needed from higher brain center (post-central gyrus) for thermal and pain sensations.

43
Q

T/F - The hypothalamus includesthe infindibular stalk, the optic chisama and the pituitary gland.

A

FALSE - NOT the pituitary gland.

44
Q

An ____ ____ ____ of myelinated fibers runs through the substance of each thalamic mass and helps divide them into subdivisions.

A

Internal Medullary Lamina

45
Q

T/F - The hypothalamus works unaided and uninfluenced from other centers

A

FALSE. It DOES NOT work without aid or influence from other centers.

46
Q

The hypothalamus has (direct/indirect) (endocrine/neurohormone) control via neuron axon extensions into the (anterior/posterior) pituitary, and (directly/indirectly) via (endocrine/neurohormones) to control the release of (anterior/posterior) pituitary hormones.

A

direct; endocrine; posterior

indirectly; neurohormones; anterior

47
Q

The hypothalamus has vague control over the basic drives of ____, ____, & ____

A

hunger, thirst, sex

48
Q

The hypothalamus controls the _____ aspects of emotional expression, including crying, increased HR, and flushed cheeks during embarrassment.

A

physical

49
Q

The hypothalamus has control over autonomic functions. The parasympathetic control is found in the ____ and ____ areas. Including the ____.

A

anterior, intermediate; tuber cinereum

50
Q

The hypothalamus has parasympathetic control over (increasing/decreasing) digestive motility, (increasing/decreasing) heart rate, (constricting/dilating) the pupil, etc.

A

increasing; decreasing; constricting

51
Q

The hypothalamus has sympathetic control over (increasing/decreasing) digestive motility, (increasing/decreasing) heart rate, (constricting/dilating) the pupil, etc.

A

decreasing; increasing; dilating

52
Q

The hypothalamus has control over autonomic functions. The sympathetic control is found in the ____ area. Including the ____ & ____.

A

posterior; posterior nuclei, mammillary bodies

53
Q

Name the 5 nuclei of the anterior division of the hypothalamus.

A
  1. Supraoptic
  2. Paraventricular
  3. Suprachiasmatic
  4. Anterior
  5. Preoptic
54
Q

The ____ and ____ nuclei send axons down the infindibular stalk via the ____ tract. They release oxytocin and ADH in the posterior pituitary.

A

supraoptic, paraventricular; supraopticohypophyseal

55
Q

The ____ nuceli is responsible for much of our circadian rhythms such as temp, sleep, light, feeding, etc. It is connected to the pineal gland and its secretions into the bloodstream.

A

Suprachiasmatic

56
Q

The ____ nucleus of the hypothalamus is known for parasympathetic functions.

A

Anterior

57
Q

The ____ nucleus is a thermo-regulator as the body (heats up/cools down)?

A

Preoptic; heats up

58
Q

Name the 3 nuclei of the intermediate division of the hypothalamus.

A
  1. Dorsomedial nuclei
  2. Ventromedial nuclei
  3. Arcuate nuclei
59
Q

The term used to describe the “undulating bulge” between the infundibular stalk and the large mammillary bodies.

A

Tuber cinereum

60
Q

A significant GI tract parasympathetic influence.

A

Dorsomedial nuclei

61
Q

A center for eating and thirst gratification. “A satiety center”.

A

Ventromedial nuclei

62
Q

These nuclei contribute axons to the tuberoinfundibular tract which terminates in the perivascular space of the infundibular stalk where neurohormones are released into the bloodstream.

A

Arcuate nuclei

63
Q

The two nuclei that make up the posterior area.

A
  1. Mammillary bodies

2. Posterior nuclei

64
Q

The ____ nucleus is a thermo-regulator as the body (heats up/cools down)?

A

posterior; cools down

65
Q

A nucleus important for short-term memory.

A

Mammillary bodies

66
Q

The posterior pituitary is also called the ____.

A

neurohypophysis

67
Q

The anterior pituitary is also called the ____.

A

adenohypophysis

68
Q

____ ____ gives rise to the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and intermediate pituitary.

A

Rathke’s Pouch

69
Q

List the 3 subdivisions of the subthalamus.

A
  1. Parvocellular (superior) region of the Red Nucleus
  2. Superior portion of the substantia nigra
  3. Subthalamic nuclei

My CNS (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions