Exam 1

Question 1

6 subdivisions of neuroscience

Answer 1

Neuroanatomy, Neurophysiology, Neuropathology, Neuropharmacology/Chemistry, Clinical Neurology/Neurosurgery, Chiropractic

Question 2

The CNS is composed of the ___ and the ___.

Answer 2

brain, spinal cord

Question 3

There are ___ cranial nerve pairs.

Answer 3

12

Question 4

There are ___ spinal nerve pairs.

Answer 4

31

Question 5

___ are groups of cell bodies clustered together in the PNS.

Answer 5

Ganglia

Question 6

The ___ nervous system innervates SKELETAL musculature.

Answer 6

somatic

Question 7

Is the somatic nervous system controlled voluntarily or invountarily?

Answer 7

voluntarily

Question 8

___ is the chemical released by the SOMATIC axon endings.

Answer 8

Acetylcholine

Question 9

The ___ nervous system innervates SMOOTH and CARDIAC musculature.

Answer 9

autonomic

Question 10

The autonomic MOTOR/EFFERENT nerve fibers are subdivided into ___ and ___ subdivisions.

Answer 10

parasympathetic, sympathetic

Question 11

The nerves that carry efferent PARASYMPATHETIC fibers are known collectively as a CRANIOSACRAL subdivision, and are limited to:

• Cranial nerves ___, ___, ___, & ___
• Sacral nerves ___, ___, & ___

Answer 11

III, VII, IX, X

2, 3, 4

Question 12

___ AUTONOMIC efferent neuron(s) is/are utilized to reach the target tissue.

Answer 12

Two

Question 13

___ SOMATIC efferent neuron(s) is/are utilized to reach the target tissue.

Answer 13

One

Question 14

In PARASYMPATHETIC efferent pathways, the ___ neuron is long and the ___ neuron is short.

Answer 14

preganglionic; postganglionic

Question 15

Both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons, as well as somatic neurons RELEASE ACETYLCHOLINE (ACH). The term used to define this system is ___.

Answer 15

cholinergic

Question 16

The “fight or flight” response is found within the ___ subdivision of the autonomic nervous system.

Answer 16

sympathetic

Question 17

The nerves that carry efferent SYMPATHETIC fibers are limited to:
- Spinal nerves ___ through ___.

Answer 17

T1; L2

Question 18

In SYMPATHETIC efferent pathways, the ___ neuron is long and the ___ neuron is short.

Answer 18

postganglionic; preganglionic

Question 19

Preganglionic PARASYMPATHETIC neurons release ___.

Answer 19

acetylcholine

Question 20

Postganglionic PARASYMPATHETIC neurons release ___.

Answer 20

acetylcholine

Question 21

Preganglionic SYMPATHETIC neurons release ___.

Answer 21

acetylcholine

Question 22

EXAM QUESTION

MOST postganglionic SYMPATHETIC neurons release ___. (Exceptions include sweat glands & arrector pili muscles)

Answer 22

norepinephrine

Question 23

Postganglionic sympathetic neurons RELEASE NOREPINEPHRINE. The term used to define this system is ___.

Answer 23

adrenergic

Question 24

The parasympathetic nervous system ___ HR, ___ peristalsis, ___ the pupil, and ___ the respiratory tree.

Answer 24

slows; speeds; constricts; constricts

Question 25

The sympathetic nervous system ___ HR, ___ peristalsis, ___ the pupil, and ___ the respiratory tree.

Answer 25

speeds; slows; dilates; dilates

Question 26

SYMPATHETIC ratio of PREGANGLIONIC to POSTGANGLIONIC neurons = ___:___

Answer 26

1:17 - less limited, less precise

Question 27

SYMPATHETIC ratio of PREGANGLIONIC to POSTGANGLIONIC neurons = ___:___

Answer 27

1:2 - more limited, more precise

Question 28

The human nervous system develops from the ectoderm/endoderm?

Answer 28

ectoderm

Question 29

The neural crest gives rise to the ___.

Answer 29

PNS

Question 30

The neural tube gives rise to the ___.

Answer 30

CNS

Question 31

The 3 primary brain vesicles are the ___, ___, & ___.

Answer 31

prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

Question 32

The prosencephalon/forebrain gives rise to the ___ & ___.

Answer 32

telencephalon, diencephalon

Question 33

The rhombencephalon/hindbrain gives rise to the ___ & ___.

Answer 33

metencephalon, myelencephalon

Question 34

The 5 secondary brain vesicles are the ___, ___, ___, ___, & ___.

Answer 34

telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon.

Question 35

The brain composes ___% of body weight at birth, and uses ___% of the oxygen.

Answer 35

10%; 60%

Question 36

The brain composes ___% of body weight in adults, and uses ___% of the oxygen.

Answer 36

2-2.5%; 20%