Unit Two Test Flashcards
eliminate or create freedom from disease-causing microorganisms
asepsis
what is the goal of asepsis
to prevent or reduce your exposure to a disease
known as the clean technique
medical asepsis
known as the sterile technique
surgical asepsis
what is the purpose of asepsis
to prevent or reduce the transfer of microbes/pathogens from one person/surface to another
what are the 5 moments of hand hygiene
before touching patient before clean/aseptic procedure after body fluid exposure risk after touching patient after touching patients surroundings
what is the single MOST important action for preventing infections
hand washing
what does the absence of hygiene as a HCW do
becomes progressively colonized with commensal flora, the longer the duration between washing your hands the higher degree of contamination
of the 2 million hospital acquired infections, how many patients die each year
90,000
what hand hygiene choice should be chosen for visibly dirty, contaminated, or soiled hands
antimicrobial soap and water
if hands are clean when you look at them what hand hygiene can be chosen
alcohol-based gel
what is the efficacy of hand hygiene (time related) in killing bacteria
plain soap=good
antimicrobial soap=better
alcohol hand rub= best
why do gloves not fully protect you
they have microscopic openings and they easily tear as well
what is the patients role in hand hygiene
just as responsible for hand hygiene especially before eating, after restroom
what is the directional rule of thumb
cleanest to dirtiest
bacteria or virus that produces an illness by invading you or patient and once inside body it multiplies and invades body tissues
infection
why should you worry about an infection
it is one of the leading causes of death
infection occurs when
an organism enters a body site and multiplies causing clinical signs and symptoms of disease
colonization occurs when
a patient has an organism (MRSE) in or on a body site but has no clinical signs or symptoms of disease
HAI’s=
nosocomial
what are the 5 different infections that are health care associated (HAI’s)
hospital acquired community acquired exogenous endogenous iatrogenic
infection developed while patient is hospitalized that was not present before
hospital acquired
infection patient has prior to being hospitalized (flu)
community acquired
comes from organism outside of body and does not normally exist in a bodies flora (tetanus, std)
exogenous
floating inside a persons body all the time but isn’t going to show unless patient is really ill (D-diff, E.coli)
endogenous
infection that comes as a result from a diagnosis or therapeutic procedure such as knee replacement, catheter, ventilator
iatrogenic
defined to one spot you can see it or might not
localized
typically in the blood stream
systemic
what are the defense systems
normal flora, body systems, inflammatory response
what are the stages of infection
incubation stage, prodromal stage, illness (acute) stage, convalescence stage
pathogen introduced and might see begins of first signs and symptoms
incubation stage
signs and symptoms become a little more specific and begin to be contagious
prodromal stage
full blown signs and symptoms (acute stage)
illness stage
signs and symptoms start to dissipate and not be contagious at this point
condolescence stage
the spread of infectious agents requires what 4 basic elements (chain of infection)
- infectious agent thriving in a reservoir (pathogenicity/virulence)
- portals of exit and entry
- mode of transmission or method of transfer
- susceptible host
pathogen to produce that disease or illness
pathogenicity
number of organisms needed to kill or harm the host
virulence
what are the 5 infectious agents
viruses bacteria fungus (ringworm) protozoan (parasites0 helminths (worms)
reside on skin
resident
transferred very easily in the absence of hygiene or sharing of objects
transient
any natural setting where growth or reproduction of an infectious agent can occur
reservoir
who is a susceptible host
immunocompromised aged or the very young trauma/surgery indwelling device poorly oxygenated skin, mucous membrane breaks
