Unit Two Review

Question 1

Silk Road

Answer 1

Ancient network of trading routes connected Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa

Question 2

Imperialism

Answer 2

The domination by one country over others to gain power and wealth

Question 3

Political Imperialism

Answer 3

• Direct Rule
  One country attacks another, takes control of the government and governs the people. Colonization is a form of direct rule.
• Indirect Rule
  One country conquers another but lets it govern itself

Question 4

Economic Imperialism

Answer 4

When a wealthy nation gains economic control over a poorer nation
- The poorer nation is under the control of the richer one

Question 5

Cultural Imperialism

Answer 5

When a powerful nation controls the culture of another nation
eg. Assimilation

Question 6

Modern Imperialism

Answer 6

• Has its roots in the beginnings of the Age of Exploration
  GGG- God, Gold, Glory

Question 7

Mercantilism

Answer 7

A system of government-sponsored international
business ventures designed to make European
monarchs rich
- Countries need to export more than they import

Question 8

Adam Smith

Answer 8

Criticized the mercantilist system; proposed capitalism
- Little/no government regulation of business
- Competition
- Distribution of wealth across a wider range of society

Question 9

Invisible Hand

Answer 9

A metaphor for the unseen forces that move the free market economy.
- Through individual self-interest and freedom of production as well as consumption, the best interest of society, as a whole, are fulfilled

Question 10

Laissesz-Faire (Let Go / Leave Alone)

Answer 10

For the forces of self-interest, competition, and the invisible hand to work, people must be allowed to act freely
- Adam Smith was against government intervention in the economy

Question 11

Free Market

Answer 11

Prices are determined through the forces of supply and demand

Question 12

Open Competition

Answer 12

Companies compete with each other

Question 13

Private Ownership

Answer 13

Individuals and businesses own the means of production; the government does not

Question 14

Capitalism Pros

Answer 14

• Competition ensures that best products for the best price
• Inovation is rewarded, which inspires creativity
• Economic freedoms give entrepreneurs the opportunity to make great profit

Question 15

Capitalism Cons

Answer 15

• Capitalism without regulation often leads to the exploitation of the working class
• It often creates a widening gap between the rich and the poor
  -Capitalism can lead to monopolies that overpower and crush competition

Question 16

John Stuart Mill & The Harm Principle

Answer 16

• John Stuart Mill argued that people should be free to act as they please – so long as their actions do not harm others
• Mill argued that the government needs to intervene in the capitalist system to introduce labor laws that protect the workers from explotiation

Question 17

Karl Max

Answer 17

Developed communism; A planned economic system in which
government owns all means of production and all people work for government-owned and government-run enterprises

Question 18

Industrial Revolution (1760-1840)

Answer 18

A period of sudden and significant change; with a series of new mechanical inventions, the production of goods moved from small shops and homes to large factories; from handiwork to machines

Question 19

Industrial Revolution Factory Working Conditions

Answer 19

• Long hours (12-16)
• Limited/No breaks
• Child labour
• Injuries from machines
• Very low wages
• Physical punishment
• Fear of losing job
• Workers lived far away from the factory in very poor living conditions

Question 20

Industrial Revolution Positives

Answer 20

• Access to a large volume of affordable goods; this raises the standard of living for the middle class
• Technological advancement; inventions such as the steam engine made manual labour tasks much easier and more efficient
• Improvements in sanitation and better-quality food led to decreased death rates

Question 21

Industrial Revolution Negatives

Answer 21

• Urbanization created slums
• Abuse of the working class while the middle and upper class reaped the benefits
• Rise of consumerism
• Exploitation of colonies to create wealth and power in Global West
• Pollution and the destruction of the environment

Question 22

Ethnocentrism

Answer 22

The assumption one;s own culture is morally and intellectually superior and that other cultures are inferior

Question 23

Eurocentrism

Answer 23

A form of Ethnocentrism; the assumption that European values, culture, and beliefs are more important than those of other cultures
- In its most extreme forms, Eurocentrism can be referred to as “white supremacy”

Question 24

Social Darwinism

Answer 24

• Darwin’s theory of evolution was that only the strongest survived
• Social Darwinism was the belief that strong nations could conquer weaker nations – thus ensuring the strongest cultures survive

Question 25

White Man’s Burden

Answer 25

• By Rudyard Kipling, that the “white man” was bound by duty to “save” people in other nations
• The belief that imperialism was a humanitarian mission with the goal to civilize and Christianize

Question 26

The Numbered Treaties

Answer 26

• Land previously used by the nomadic indigenous tribes to hunt buffalo and caribou was needed for white settlers who fenced land for their cattle and crops
• As a result, a series of treaties between the government and First Nations were signed

Question 27

Indian Act

Answer 27

• Main goal was assimilation
• “Status” and “Non-Status” Indians
• Created prison sentences for anyone who participated in traditional ceremonies or dances
• Installed an Indian Agent on reserves to implement gov. policies
• Established a pass system
• Prohitbed indigenous people from forming political organizations and hiring legal counsel

Question 28

Residential Schools

Answer 28

• Created by the Indian Act
• Operated by Roman Catholic Churches
• Children were taken from their homes and sent to schools
• Students were punished and abused for speaking their own language or practicing their own religion

Question 29

Residential Schools: Apology and Compensation

Answer 29

• Canada’s Truth and Reconciliation Comission was created in 2008 to address the wrongdoings of residential schools
• Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement – Each former residential school student would receive $10,000 for the first school year and $3000 for each subsequent year

Question 30

Retributive Justice

Answer 30

To blame, find guilty, and punish

Question 31

Restorative Justice

Answer 31

To heal relationships between offenders and victims

Question 32

Scramble For Africa

Answer 32

• European nations saw Africa as ripe for the taking

Question 33

Cultural Contacts

Answer 33

The interaction of diverse cultures
and perspectives, which may result in changes in
values, beliefs, and traditions

Question 34

Depopulation

Answer 34

The reduction of a population
because of conflict, disease, loss of resources,
cultural change, or assimilation

Question 35

Sphere of Influence

Answer 35

An economic agreement in
which a European country owned exclusive
trade and investment rights in a region of the
Americas, Asia, or Africa

Question 36

Protectorate

Answer 36

An area that maintained its own sovereignty but was guided by a European country

Question 37

Paternalistic

Answer 37

Characterized by treating or governing
a people in a fatherly way, especially by providing for them without giving them rights and
responsibilities