unit two - pursuing national interests TERMS

Question 1

national interest

Answer 1

the interest of the people of a nation. These may include economic prosperity, security and safety and beliefs and values. Primary motivation behind why countries act on the world stage.

Question 2

domestic policy

Answer 2

the plans/ideas/goals that guide a national government’s decision making regarding issues within the country.

Question 3

foreign policy

Answer 3

the plans/ideas/ goals that guide a national government’s decision making regarding relations with other countries.

Question 4

peacekeepers

Answer 4

armed forces who maintain peace in a conflict zone by keeping enemies apart, after a conflict has ended while a formal peace treaty is being negotiated. Usually, under the auspices of the UN, peacekeepers can be identified by their white vehicles and blue headwear. Peacekeepers are only allowed to use force in self-defense.

Question 5

peacemaking

Answer 5

allowing armed forces that were originally sent into a conflict zone to keep the peace to use force other than self-defense.

Question 6

fourteen points

Answer 6

US President Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace in the post WWI world. Many believed this plan was overly optimistic and therefore unrealistic

Question 7

treaty of Versailles

Answer 7

the peace treaty imposed on Germany that formally ended WWI. the harshness of the terms of this treaty are viewed a setting the stage for WWII a generation later.

Question 8

NATO

Answer 8

an alliance created in 1949 to provide collective security for members of the treaty. The treaty contains democratic nations of North America and Europe. According to NATO, an attack on one member is considered an attack on all members.

Question 9

humanitarianism

Answer 9

a belief that individuals should empathize with the suffering of others and act to decrease the suffering. Considered the secondary motivation behind why nations decide to act on the world stage.

Question 10

ultranationalism

Answer 10

an extreme form of nationalism. Ultranationalists are often fanatically loyal to their own nation and hostile, and even overtly racist, towards other nations. It is the main theme of fascism, an ideology that completely rejects nationalism, the ideology that is at heart of our democratic societies.

Question 11

propaganda

Answer 11

when the government completely controls the media as a means to control the citizens. It is a characteristic of all non-liberal dictatorships.

Question 12

indoctrination

Answer 12

closely related to brainwashing, this is a technique dictators use to control their population. Aimed at a country’s youth, indoctrination allows for longevity of a dictatorial regime.

Question 13

appeasement

Answer 13

giving in to demands. Often used as a way to avoid armed conflict. Usually criticized as an ineffective way to deal with an aggressive foe.

Question 14

total war

Answer 14

a war so large in scope that all of the human, financial and natural resources of a country must be marshaled in order for victory to be achieved.

Question 15

limited war

Answer 15

a war with a limited scope whereby a country’s armed forces are engaged in combat, but the everyday lives of citizens go on as normal.

Question 16

conscription

Answer 16

also known as a draft, when a country forces it’s citizens into combat.

Question 17

scapegoating

Answer 17

the technique of blaming an easily identifiable group (internal or external) for a country’s problems. A technique that dictators use to direct popular discontent away for the real reason for the country’s problem.

Question 18

Japanese Internment

Answer 18

considered by many to be an example of ultra-nationalism within Canada, when 22,000 Canadians of Japanese ethnic origin have their rights trampled upon in the name of national security beginning in 1942 and ending well after the end of WWII.

Question 19

Genocide

Answer 19

refers to the killing of members of a national, ethnic, racial or religious group; causing serious bodily harm to members of the group; and deliberately inflicting on the group’s conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction.

Question 20

Examples of genocide

Answer 20

Armenian Genocide- 1915 Turkey
Holodomor- 1932-1933 (Ukraine)
Holocaust- 1939- 1945 (Nazi-occupied Europe)
Rwandan Genocide- 1994 (Rwanda)

Question 21

ethnic cleansing

Answer 21

a term to relate to the expulsion of an entire ethnic nation from a territory. This expulsion can be achieved through deportation or mass murder. Closely related to genocide.

Question 22

crimes against humanity

Answer 22

refers to a widespread or systematic attack against a civilian population- murder extermination, enslavement, deportation, imprisonment, torture, rape or sexual slavery, enforced disappearance of persons, and the crime of apartheid.

Question 23

war crimes

Answer 23

refers to the willful killing, torture or inhuman treatment; wilfully causing great suffering; and intentionally directing attacks against civilian populations or against those who are involved in a humanitarian or peacekeeping mission.

Question 24

decolonization

Answer 24

when a colonial power withdraws from occupied territory, resulting in the territory becoming a sovereign nation-state.

Question 25

successor state

Answer 25

countries created when a previous nation-state breaks apart into several smaller nation-states. Usually is a result of ethnic nations, within the previous, larger nation-state demand political independence and self-determination.

Question 26

host country

Answer 26

a country that accepts and looks after refugees