Unit Two EXAM REVIEW

Question 1

Festinger
(Theory, Definition, and Example)

Answer 1

• cognitive dissonance theory
• two beliefs are inconsistent, individuals experience negatively arousing cognitive conflict
• individuals who continue to smoke, even though they know it is harmful to their health

Question 2

Robert Merton
(Theory, Definition, and Example)

Answer 2

• strain theory
• Deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists between cultural goals and the culturally approved means of achieving those goals
• one who accepts the goal of wealth but cannot get a legal job will turn to illegal means of earning money

Question 3

Piaget
(Theory, Definition, and Example)

Answer 3

• cognitive development
• children’s intelligence undergoes changes as they grow.

Question 4

Eduard Spranger
(Theory, Definition, and Example)

Answer 4

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Question 5

Strauss-Howe
(Theory, Definition, and Example)

Answer 5

• how young people think can tell us about big changes in society.
• When teenagers care about something, it might show us what’s important for the future.
• For example, if they care a lot about the environment now, it could mean we’ll all care more about it in the future.

Question 6

G. Stanley Hall
(Theory, Definition, and Example)

Answer 6

adolescent’s decreased level of self-control as the ‘storm’ and their increased sensitivity as the ‘stress’

Question 7

Fledgling adults