Unit Two: Cells Flashcards
What does the nucleus contain?
Genetic material that controls the activities of the cell
What is the cytoplasm? What does it contain?
A gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions
happen.
It contains enzymes that control the chemical reactions
What does the cell membrane do?
It holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
What are ribosomes?
These are where proteins are made in the cell
What are mitochondria?
These are where most of the reactions for respiration take place
(Only in plants) What is the rigid cell wall?
It’s made of cellulose and it supports and strengthens the cell
(Only in plants) What are chloroplasts?
These are where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll
(Only in plants) What is the permanent vacuole?
It contains cell sap-a weak solution of sugar and salts
State the definition of diffusion.
Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
How are red blood cells adapted to carry oxygen?
- They have a concave shape which gives them a large surface area for absorbing oxygen. This also helps them pass smoothly through capillaries to reach body cells.
- They’re packed with haemoglobin (the pigment that absorbs oxygen).
- They have no nucleus, to leave even more room for haemoglobin.
What is the main function of an egg cell?
- To carry the female DNA
- To nourish the developing embryo
- It contains huge food reserves to feed the embryo
What is the function of a sperm cell?
- To get the male DNA to the female DNA (has a long tail and streamlined head to help it swim to the egg, there are also a lot of mitochondria in the cell to provide the energy needed)
- Carries enzymes in their heads to digest through the cell membrane
What is the process by which cells become specialised for a particular job called?
Differentiation
When does differentiation occur?
During the development of a multicellular organism
What is a tissue?
A group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function
