Unit Two : BIOL 1110 Flashcards
Essential amnio acids are ____.
those that cannot be made in the body
A complete digestive tract, or alimentary canal, differs from a gastrovascular cavity in that only the complete tract ___.
has specialized compartments
In humans, the first opportunity for ingested food to undergo enzymatic hydrolysis is in the ___.
mouth
Hydrochloric acid in the stomach ___.
activities pepsinogen into pepsin
The bile salts function in fat digestion by ___.
dispersing big droplets of fats to small droplets
Mutualistic bacteria aid digestion in many herbivores, including those where this function resides primarily in the large intestine, as in the ___.
horse
Glucagon, a pancreatic hormone, functions to ___.
stimulate the liver to release glucose
Increased glucose levels in blood, after a meal, trigger ___.
insulin release from the pancreas
In which of the following structures does absorption of water, vitamin K, and salt occur?
large intestine
Which of the following organisms is most likely to have an extremely large cecum?
non ruminant herbivore
The primary reason the hepatic portal vein delivers blood containing the products of digestion directly to the liver is in order to ___.
detoxify foreign molecules and metabolic wastes
Which of the following statements correctly describes non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes?
blood glucose levels may be improved with regular exercise and a healthy diet
differences may aid in the development of therapies for certain diseases – changes may play a role in some abnormal conditions or disease states
microbiome
Brain function or mood may be affected by digestive system ___.
microorganisms
Intestinal development and immune function are regulated by ____.
intestinal bacteria
Part of the large intestine :
cecum – colon – appendix – rectum
The fluid that moves around in the circulatory system of a typical arthropod is the ___.
hemolymph
An adapted advantage of having a three-chambered heart, as found in amphibians, over the two-chambered heart of fish is that ___.
fully oxygenated blood returning to the amphibian heart can undergo additional pumping to reach higher pressures
The normal contraction of specialized atrial cells results from the activity of the ____, and the simultaneous contraction of the left and right atria is due to the ____.
auto rhythmic pacemaker cells – gap junctions
As in Edgar Allan Poe’s short story “The Tell-Tale Heart,” a heart can continue to beat after it is removed from the body because ___.
pacemaker cells contract without input
Fluid is filtered from blood as it enters a capillary due to the ___, but fluid is reabsorbed as the blood exits a capillary due to the ___.
blood pressure from the heart – osmotic pressure from proteins in the plasma
After blood enters the right atrium, it then enters the ___.
right ventricle
When a girl goes running, her face begins to flush. Which of the following is most likely responsible for her red face?
vasodilation
Which of the following have valves within them to prevent blood back flow?
veins
