Unit Two : BIOL 1110

Question 1

Essential amnio acids are ____.

Answer 1

those that cannot be made in the body

Question 2

A complete digestive tract, or alimentary canal, differs from a gastrovascular cavity in that only the complete tract ___.

Answer 2

has specialized compartments

Question 3

In humans, the first opportunity for ingested food to undergo enzymatic hydrolysis is in the ___.

Answer 3

mouth

Question 4

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach ___.

Answer 4

activities pepsinogen into pepsin

Question 5

The bile salts function in fat digestion by ___.

Answer 5

dispersing big droplets of fats to small droplets

Question 6

Mutualistic bacteria aid digestion in many herbivores, including those where this function resides primarily in the large intestine, as in the ___.

Answer 6

horse

Question 7

Glucagon, a pancreatic hormone, functions to ___.

Answer 7

stimulate the liver to release glucose

Question 8

Increased glucose levels in blood, after a meal, trigger ___.

Answer 8

insulin release from the pancreas

Question 9

In which of the following structures does absorption of water, vitamin K, and salt occur?

Answer 9

large intestine

Question 10

Which of the following organisms is most likely to have an extremely large cecum?

Answer 10

non ruminant herbivore

Question 11

The primary reason the hepatic portal vein delivers blood containing the products of digestion directly to the liver is in order to ___.

Answer 11

detoxify foreign molecules and metabolic wastes

Question 12

Which of the following statements correctly describes non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes?

Answer 12

blood glucose levels may be improved with regular exercise and a healthy diet

Question 13

differences may aid in the development of therapies for certain diseases – changes may play a role in some abnormal conditions or disease states

Answer 13

microbiome

Question 14

Brain function or mood may be affected by digestive system ___.

Answer 14

microorganisms

Question 15

Intestinal development and immune function are regulated by ____.

Answer 15

intestinal bacteria

Question 16

Part of the large intestine :

Answer 16

cecum – colon – appendix – rectum

Question 17

The fluid that moves around in the circulatory system of a typical arthropod is the ___.

Answer 17

hemolymph

Question 18

An adapted advantage of having a three-chambered heart, as found in amphibians, over the two-chambered heart of fish is that ___.

Answer 18

fully oxygenated blood returning to the amphibian heart can undergo additional pumping to reach higher pressures

Question 19

The normal contraction of specialized atrial cells results from the activity of the ____, and the simultaneous contraction of the left and right atria is due to the ____.

Answer 19

auto rhythmic pacemaker cells – gap junctions

Question 20

As in Edgar Allan Poe’s short story “The Tell-Tale Heart,” a heart can continue to beat after it is removed from the body because ___.

Answer 20

pacemaker cells contract without input

Question 21

Fluid is filtered from blood as it enters a capillary due to the ___, but fluid is reabsorbed as the blood exits a capillary due to the ___.

Answer 21

blood pressure from the heart – osmotic pressure from proteins in the plasma

Question 22

After blood enters the right atrium, it then enters the ___.

Answer 22

right ventricle

Question 23

When a girl goes running, her face begins to flush. Which of the following is most likely responsible for her red face?

Answer 23

vasodilation

Question 24

Which of the following have valves within them to prevent blood back flow?

Answer 24

veins

Question 25

Which of the following organisms breathe through tracheae?

Answer 25

insects

Question 26

Circulatory System :

Answer 26

circulatory fluid – muscular pump – vessels connecting the components

Question 27

Which of the following is a disadvantage of a closed circulatory system compared with an open circulatory system?

Answer 27

a closed circulatory system uses more energy

Question 28

What is another expression for the tidal volume during maximal inhalation and exhalation?

Answer 28

vital capacity