Exam One

Question 1

Which of the following taxonomic categories includes the fewest number of species?

Answer 1

Panthera

Question 2

Animals that posses homologous structures probably ______.

Answer 2

evolved from a common ancestor

Question 3

Which would be the most suitable outgroup species for a cladogram involving the other answer choices?

Answer 3

tuna

Question 4

Which is the correct way to write the scientific name for humans?

Answer 4

Homo sapiens

Question 5

When describing a group of animals, you speak about an ancestral species and some but not all of its descendants. This is an example of a _____.

Answer 5

paraphyletic group

Question 6

Hair on mammals when compared to other vertebrates is an example of a _____.

Answer 6

shared derived character

Question 7

Which broad taxonomic group is not a domain?

Answer 7

Plantae

Question 8

If you were putting members of each of the following taxa in a box, which would need the biggest boxes?

Answer 8

domain

Question 9

You discover two trees that each have thorns to protect them from herbivores, but they are in different classes of plants, and many non thorny plants are between them on the tree of life. What has happened?

Answer 9

convergent evolution

Question 10

You are studying a strange new organism. Examination of its structure shows it to be truly multicellular. Where would you begin to classify it?

Answer 10

Eukarya

Question 11

Why is using shared derived characters to figure out how organisms are related better than using shared ancestral characters?

Answer 11

They show changes during the history of life?

Question 12

What should animals with radial symmetry be better able to do than those with bilateral symmetry?

Answer 12

deal effectively with food distributed homogeneously in all directions

Question 13

The ____ gene family underwent a series of duplications.

Answer 13

Hox

Question 14

Most animals share a unique _____ containing family of genes.

Answer 14

homeobox

Question 15

___ ___ regulate the formation of the anterior-posterior axis.

Answer 15

Hox genes

Question 16

Earthworm –>

Answer 16

Coelomate

Question 17

Planarian –>

Answer 17

Acoelomate

Question 18

In which type of cleavage pattern does each cell have the capacity to develop into a complete embryo?

Answer 18

indeterminate cleavage

Question 19

Taxonomic level Eumetazoa contains :

Answer 19

1. Deuterostomia
2. Lophotrochozoa
3. Ecdysozoa

Question 20

Characterize(s) an animal body plan :

Answer 20

symmetry , tissues , body cavity

Question 21

Groups in order :

Answer 21

1. Porifera
2. Cnidaria
3. Aceola
4. Nematoda

Question 22

Which is a member of the Bilateria?

Answer 22

Nematoda

Question 23

You are dissecting an unidentified animal. It is radially symmetric and has no body cavity. To what phylum might it belong?

Answer 23

Cnidaria

Question 24

You are dissecting an unidentified animal. It is bilaterally symmetric and has no body cavity. To what phylum might it belong?

Answer 24

Platyhelminthes

Question 25

Which phylum has a water vascular system?

Answer 25

echinoderms

Question 26

Found in the body of a sponge:

Answer 26

1. Spongocoel 2. Osculum 3. Mesohyl

Question 27

All ____ have the similar body plan.

Answer 27

molluscs

Question 28

Three-quarters of living species are _____.

Answer 28

gastropods

Question 29

The phylum ____ has eight major clades.

Answer 29

Mollusca

Question 30

have an open circulatory system -- have well-developed sensory organs

Answer 30

Arthropods

Question 31

Arthropod bodies are completely covered by a ___.

Answer 31

cuticle

Question 32

Terrestrial arthropods have internal structures specialized for ___ ___.

Answer 32

gas exchange

Question 33

If you wanted to show an example of segmentation to a group of visiting students, which phylum would be the best choice?

Answer 33

Arthropoda

Question 34

If you wanted to obtain a large amount of nervous tissue with the least amount of dissection and processing, what phylum would you use for your sample?

Answer 34

Chordata

Question 35

A confused friend from your course has made a Halloween costume that is supposed to show one animal phylum. It has a hard outer shell and a water vascular system. You point out that the costume combines features of ___.

Answer 35

Arthropoda and Echinodermata

Question 36

If you discovered a new organism with 10 jointed legs, you expect it to have ___.

Answer 36

muscles attached to an exoskeleton

Question 37

The best example of an animal phylum with enhanced overall surface area is ___.

Answer 37

Platyhelminthes

Question 38

Which correctly describes phylogenetic relationships among birds, mammals, and reptiles?

Answer 38

Birds share the closest common ancestor with dinosaurs.

Question 39

Which group soon outcompeted amphibians on land due to their watertight skin and eggs?

Answer 39

reptiles

Question 40

Which chordate group has all four key chordate characteristics as an adult, not just as an embryo?

Answer 40

lancelets

Question 41

Which osteichthyan structure allows bony fishes to control their buoyancy using gases from their blood?

Answer 41

swim bladder

Question 42

The lateral line system can be found in aquatic ___.

Answer 42

gnathostomes

Question 43

line organs form a row along each side of the body -- line organs are sensitive to vibration

Answer 43

Lateral

Question 44

Archaeopteryx differed from modern birds in that it ___.

Answer 44

could not take off from a standing position

Question 45

Which is the closest living group to the primates?

Answer 45

monotremes

Question 46

If you discovered a fossil that fit between the crocodilians and pterosaurs, what feature would it probably have?

Answer 46

amniote eggs

Question 47

Which is the oldest amniote group?

Answer 47

turtles

Question 48

If you introduced the following groups of vertebrates to a newly formed island with little surface water, which would probably become dominant?

Answer 48

reptiles

Question 49

Men who overuse synthetic testosterone (as in anabolic steroids) may experience testicular atrophy, reduced sperm count, and low levels of circulating FSH. The physiological explanation for these observations is ____.

Answer 49

negative feedback

Question 50

In whales and most other mammals, evolutionary adaptions that enable sufficient exchange with the environment are specialized structures that in most cases lie within the body and are branched or folded. Which of the following is not an example of this?

Answer 50

The shape of a parasitic tapeworm places most cells of the worm in direct contact with its environment.

Question 51

food processing (ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination)

Answer 51

digestive

Question 52

locomotion and other movement

Answer 52

muscular

Question 53

disposal of metabolic wastes, regulation of osmotic balance of blood

Answer 53

excretory

Question 54

coordination of body activities, detection of stimuli and formulation of responses to them

Answer 54

nervous

Question 55

can act on neurons, muscle cells, and cells or glands that produce secretions

Answer 55

nervous system impulses

Question 56

____ structures that may be extensively branched or folded enable exchange with the environment.

Answer 56

Specialized

Question 57

In organisms with body plans that are more complex than hydra or tapeworm, harmless ____ microorganisms provide exchange surfaces for nutrient and gas transfer to body cells.

Answer 57

bloodborne

Question 58

____ ____ link surfaces for nutrient and gas exchange to body cells.

Answer 58

interstitial fluid

Question 59

The river otter is a regulator rather than a conformer with regard to the environmental variable temperature because ____.

Answer 59

it uses internal mechanisms to control internal change in the face of external fluctuation

Question 60

____ is when internal conditions are brought into alignment with external variables such as altitude changes.

Answer 60

Acclimatization

Question 61

The standard metabolic rate (SMR) of an American alligator is less than 1/20th the energy used by a comparably sized adult human. One conclusion that can be drawn from this statement is that ___.

Answer 61

ectothermy has a lower energetic requirement than endothermy