Unit Two Flashcards
What is the dependency load?
Percentage of a country’s population that is under 14 or over 65 that must be supported by the working population.
What is the replacement rate?
Total fertility rate that produces a natural increase rate of zero
What is the exact value for a balanced replacement rate?
2.1
What is a demographic trap?
Increase in birth rates and a declining death rate
What is a population explosion?
Massive increase in a population that a country has a hard time controlling
What is the feedback loop and what does it consist of?
Demographic trap = food issues + education issues + employment issues
If on of these factors improve, then the country will move forward economically and socially
What are the first three stages of the Demographic Transition Model?
Stage 1 (pre-modern) - high birth and death rates Stage 2 (industrializing) - high birth rate, lowering death rate Stage 3 (mature industrial) - falling birth rate, low death rate
What are the last two stages of the Demographic Transition Model?
Stage 4 (post industrial) - low birth rate, low death rate Stage 5 (population implosion)
What is the cornucopian population theory?
Human’s will find technology that will increase Earth’s carrying capacity
What is the demographic regulation theory and who created it?
That the earth and society will naturally control population growth, created by D.J. bouge
What is the Malthusian population theory?
Food increases arithmetically while population increases geometrically - we’ll run out of food
Only ways of fixing this: war, disease and famine
What is the phantom carrying capacity and who created it?
Created by William Cotton, the belief that we’ll use up all our non-renewable resources while creating an unsustainable population
Why are india and china experiencing a demographic trap?
India: dowry, lack of woman rights, limited family planning, forced abortions
China: one child policy, lack of woman rights
Explain structured change and give examples of countries utilizing this.
When the government forces demographic change.
India - forced men to get vasectomies, encourage woman’s to become sterilized, banned ultrasounds
Explain change by diffusion and give an explain of a society who implemented it
Using the media and conversations to spread the idea of smaller families = happier families
Example: kerala
How was Kerala successful in using change by diffusion?
Education, status of women, elected government, expatriate workers, health, land reform
What is a population implosion?
The fertility rate is below 2.1 (low birth rate)
What are the problems with a birth dearth?
Changing family structure, aging population, labour shortage, economic affects, global power-shift
What causes a birth dearth?
Changing women’s role in society
Kids are expensive
Lifestyle of not having kids
Increased family planning options
What are pronatalist strategies
Ideas that encourage people to have more children
What are push and pull factors?
Push factors - reasons to leave a country
Pull factors - reasons to come to a country
What is voluntary and involuntary migration?
Voluntary - moving by your free will
Involuntary - moving against your free will
What are guest workers?
Countries that admit immigrants to fill jobs in a growing economy but do mot give them full citizenship
What is legal migration?
Legal migration - applying for citizenship and getting ranked on a point system
What are the three classes of legal migration?
Class 1: economic class - skills that make you an asset
Class 2: family class - family member sponsors you
Class 3: refugee class - wait in a refugee camp until given citizenship
What is illegal migration?
A person does not apply legally for citizenship, they just show up
What are the stages of technological advancement?
Stage 1: hunting and gathering
Stage 2: the agricultural revolution
Stage 3: the industrial revolution
- 1700s britain
Give examples of pronatalist countries
France - 30% price reduction on transportation for kids - subsidized daycare Iran - banned vasectomies Sweden - free childcare for young kids Singapore - tax rebates, priority for public housing
What is the carrying capacity?
The number of people that the world’s resources can support using the technology that exists at the time
