Unit 5 Flashcards
Explain natural resources
conflict and give an example
Mose basic form of conflict
I.e. The first gulf war between Iraq and the USA
Explain territorial conflict and give an example
- occurs when 2 or more groups wish to control the same territory
- i.e. israel and palestine
Explain cultural conflict and give an example
- when cultural groups are at odds
- Rwandan genocide (Hutus bs Tutsis)
Explain religious conflict and give an example
- battle between two religious
- protestant vs catholics in northern Ireland
- Muslim extremists
Explain global geopolitical conflict and give an example
- when geopolitical issues manifest themselves into a specific location, sometimes through a proxy war
- i.e. Korean war and Vietnam war were proxy wars of the Cold War
Name the two types of conflict resolutions
Hard power and soft power
What is hard power?
A country imposing their will on another country to end a conflict
What are the three main parts of hard power?
1) force
- killing the enemy, most serve form
2) aid payments and bribes
- canceling aid
- bribing smaller countries to join
their forces
3) sanctions
- economic: imposing embargoes
- military: imposing no fly zomes
What is soft power?
A friendly, more ideal way to solve conflicts
What are the main parts of soft power?
1) co-option
- keep your friends close and your
enemies closer
- potential enemies become
economically tied to avoid conflict
- i.e. France and Germany
2) public diplomacy
- process that aims to create an.
ongoing positive image of a country
in the minds of citizens
- benefit of the doubt (Canada
Benefits from peacekeeping, and
thus we’re trusted)
3) Government diplomacy
- formal negotiations, normally
attended by UN.
What is terrorism?
Comes from a French word from the French revolution
Most common form of warfare
When did modern terrorism begin?
1968 - palestine terrorists hijacked an Israeli airline
What is State-sponsored terrorism?
When a government uses terrorist methods to force obedience from the general population
What is bioterrorism?
The use of biological agents in terrorist acts
What is nuclear terrorism?
Use of nuclear weapons in terrorist acts
What are chemical weapons?
Use of chemical agents in terrorist attacks
What is Counterterrorism?
Efforts made by governments and international groups to interfere with terrorist attacks
What are civil liberties?
The rights of the citizens established by law
What is the war on terror?
Term used by the US for its anti-terrorist efforts after the 9/11 attacks
What is asymmetric warfare?
Warfare fought by opponents with dramatically different military components. Actions by weaker powers (ie. bombings) are often equated to terrorism by the stronger opponent
What is a proxy war?
A war fought during the Cold War between proxies (minor allies of superpowers). Proxies used to avoid direct confrontation between the superpowers
Peace divided
Amount of money saved from a cut in military spending after the Cold War
what is a caliphate?
A potential, transnational state based on Islamic beliefs. Similar to the EU, except for its fundamental reason for creation
How is modern terrorism different from early terrorism?
- Modern terrorists understand the power of social media
2. Little care is taken to avoid death and injury of civilians
What are the four main objectives of terrorism?
1) to attain a specific goal
2) to cause widespread fear and anxiety
3) to provoke an overreaction from the target government
4) state terrorism
What are the three motivations for terrorism?
1) rational motives
- FLQ tried peace but it didnt work
2) psychological motives
- a sense of purpose in their lives
3) cultural motivation
- their cultural values are under
threat
What is the difference between a freedom fighter and a terrorist?
What side you’re on
Is a war on terror winnable?
- Because its an asymmetric war, it’s hard to come to any formal conclusion cause you’re not fight a sovereign nation
- it is not winnable because it costs too much money, time, and lives
Explain the life of Osama bin Laden
- born in Saudi
- Osama inherited $25-$30 million
- went to pakistan - used money to help Mujahdeen the Soviet-Afghan war
- 1988, Osama united al-Qaeda
- Osama wants al-Qaeda to help Saudi fight against Saddam but Saudi gets America
- Osama shit talks Saudi and gets kicked out
- becomes head of al-Qaeda in Sudan
- gets kicked out of Sudan
- masterminded 9/11
- osama killed may 2,2011
Explain the Boston bombings.
- april 15,2013 - two pressure cookers went off, injured 250+ people, killed 2
- terrorist brothers upset with America’s influence on international affairs
- mastermind brother killed in shootout
- younger brother said motivation for the bombing was based on extremist islamic beliefs
- brothers planned to set a bomb off in times square but were stopped before that happened
Why do conflicts start?
Natural resources, territorial, cultural, global geopolitical, religious
