Unit 5

Question 1

Explain natural resources

conflict and give an example

Answer 1

Mose basic form of conflict

I.e. The first gulf war between Iraq and the USA

Question 2

Explain territorial conflict and give an example

Answer 2

• occurs when 2 or more groups wish to control the same territory
• i.e. israel and palestine

Question 3

Explain cultural conflict and give an example

Answer 3

• when cultural groups are at odds

- Rwandan genocide (Hutus bs Tutsis)

Question 4

Explain religious conflict and give an example

Answer 4

• battle between two religious
• protestant vs catholics in northern Ireland
• Muslim extremists

Question 5

Explain global geopolitical conflict and give an example

Answer 5

• when geopolitical issues manifest themselves into a specific location, sometimes through a proxy war
• i.e. Korean war and Vietnam war were proxy wars of the Cold War

Question 6

Name the two types of conflict resolutions

Answer 6

Hard power and soft power

Question 7

What is hard power?

Answer 7

A country imposing their will on another country to end a conflict

Question 8

What are the three main parts of hard power?

Answer 8

1) force
- killing the enemy, most serve form
2) aid payments and bribes
- canceling aid
- bribing smaller countries to join
their forces
3) sanctions
- economic: imposing embargoes
- military: imposing no fly zomes

Question 9

What is soft power?

Answer 9

A friendly, more ideal way to solve conflicts

Question 10

What are the main parts of soft power?

Answer 10

1) co-option
- keep your friends close and your
enemies closer
- potential enemies become
economically tied to avoid conflict
- i.e. France and Germany
2) public diplomacy
- process that aims to create an.
ongoing positive image of a country
in the minds of citizens
- benefit of the doubt (Canada
Benefits from peacekeeping, and
thus we’re trusted)
3) Government diplomacy
- formal negotiations, normally
attended by UN.

Question 11

What is terrorism?

Answer 11

Comes from a French word from the French revolution

Most common form of warfare

Question 12

When did modern terrorism begin?

Answer 12

1968 - palestine terrorists hijacked an Israeli airline

Question 13

What is State-sponsored terrorism?

Answer 13

When a government uses terrorist methods to force obedience from the general population

Question 14

What is bioterrorism?

Answer 14

The use of biological agents in terrorist acts

Question 15

What is nuclear terrorism?

Answer 15

Use of nuclear weapons in terrorist acts

Question 16

What are chemical weapons?

Answer 16

Use of chemical agents in terrorist attacks

Question 17

What is Counterterrorism?

Answer 17

Efforts made by governments and international groups to interfere with terrorist attacks

Question 18

What are civil liberties?

Answer 18

The rights of the citizens established by law

Question 19

What is the war on terror?

Answer 19

Term used by the US for its anti-terrorist efforts after the 9/11 attacks

Question 20

What is asymmetric warfare?

Answer 20

Warfare fought by opponents with dramatically different military components. Actions by weaker powers (ie. bombings) are often equated to terrorism by the stronger opponent

Question 21

What is a proxy war?

Answer 21

A war fought during the Cold War between proxies (minor allies of superpowers). Proxies used to avoid direct confrontation between the superpowers

Question 22

Peace divided

Answer 22

Amount of money saved from a cut in military spending after the Cold War

Question 23

what is a caliphate?

Answer 23

A potential, transnational state based on Islamic beliefs. Similar to the EU, except for its fundamental reason for creation

Question 24

How is modern terrorism different from early terrorism?

Answer 24

1. Modern terrorists understand the power of social media

2. Little care is taken to avoid death and injury of civilians

Question 25

What are the four main objectives of terrorism?

Answer 25

1) to attain a specific goal
2) to cause widespread fear and anxiety
3) to provoke an overreaction from the target government
4) state terrorism

Question 26

What are the three motivations for terrorism?

Answer 26

1) rational motives
- FLQ tried peace but it didnt work
2) psychological motives
- a sense of purpose in their lives
3) cultural motivation
- their cultural values are under
threat

Question 27

What is the difference between a freedom fighter and a terrorist?

Answer 27

What side you’re on

Question 28

Is a war on terror winnable?

Answer 28

• Because its an asymmetric war, it’s hard to come to any formal conclusion cause you’re not fight a sovereign nation
• it is not winnable because it costs too much money, time, and lives

Question 29

Explain the life of Osama bin Laden

Answer 29

• born in Saudi
• Osama inherited $25-$30 million
• went to pakistan - used money to help Mujahdeen the Soviet-Afghan war
• 1988, Osama united al-Qaeda
• Osama wants al-Qaeda to help Saudi fight against Saddam but Saudi gets America
• Osama shit talks Saudi and gets kicked out
• becomes head of al-Qaeda in Sudan
• gets kicked out of Sudan
• masterminded 9/11
• osama killed may 2,2011

Question 30

Explain the Boston bombings.

Answer 30

• april 15,2013 - two pressure cookers went off, injured 250+ people, killed 2
• terrorist brothers upset with America’s influence on international affairs
• mastermind brother killed in shootout
• younger brother said motivation for the bombing was based on extremist islamic beliefs
• brothers planned to set a bomb off in times square but were stopped before that happened

Question 31

Why do conflicts start?

Answer 31

Natural resources, territorial, cultural, global geopolitical, religious