unit two Flashcards
What is interaction?
anthro
Contact with other cultures
What is diffusion?
anthro
The spread of ideas, methods, symbols and tools from one culture to another
What is acculturation?
anthro
Prolonged contact between two cultures, during which time they interchange symbols, beliefs and customs
What is incorporation?
anthro
Acculturation through free borrowing of ideas and symbols from one culture to another
What is directed change?
anthro
Acculturation through dominance of one culture over another, forcing the defeated to change aspects of its culture, or its entire culture
What is cultural evolution?
anthro
The belief that cultures evolve in common patterns, moving from hunter-gathering cultures to industrialized states in predictable stages
What is longitudinal?
anthro
Studies in which a group of people is tracked over a long period of time, sometimes even incorporating the group’s children into the study as they come along
What is behavior modification?
psychology
Theories attempting to determine the methods that can successfully change or modify problem human behavior
What is negative/positive reinforcement?
psychology
Punishment of people who do something of which society disapproves/ Rewarding of people who display what society considers good behaviour
What is neurosis?
psychology
A category of mental disorder in which the patient has feelings of high levels of anxiety or tension in managing our daily lives
What is psychosis?
psychology
A complex mental disorder that leads to feelings of distress and social isolation
What is paranoia?
psychology
A category of mental disorder characterized by a habitual pattern of rule-breaking and harming others
What is schizophrenia?
psychology
A category of mental disorder characterized by a habitual pattern of rule-breaking and harming others
What is antisocial personality disorder?
psychology
A category of mental disorder characterized by a habitual pattern of rule-breaking and harming others
What is operant conditioning?
psychology
A structured philosophy against which all actions and events are judged
What is self-actualization?
psychology
Maslow’s term for the final stage of human need in which a person integrates the self, making personality whole
What is tension and adaptation?
sociology
The structural functionalists’ belief that social change results from a process of tension between one aspect of society and the rest
What is accumulation?
sociology
The belief that social change results from the growth of human knowledge from generation to generation
What is diffusion of innovation?
sociology
The theory that social change is caused by the emergence of innovations in society
What are pluralistic societies?
sociology
Societies in which minorities maintain their cultural traditions
What are elite groups?
sociology
Skilled and educated people with access to development funds, who are in a position of influence
What is core?
sociology
Wallerstein’s term for rich countries at the centre of international trade
What is periphery?
sociology
Wallerstein’s term for poor countries, far from the centre of international trade
What is semi-periphery?
sociology
Wallerstein’s term for medium wealth countries that are between the centre and edges of international trade
