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Anatomy and Physiology > Unit two > Flashcards

Unit two Flashcards

1
Q

Which hormones remain in circulation for the longest time?

A

steroid hormones

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2
Q

A capillary portal system is found in which of the following endocrine structures?

A

Pituitary gland

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3
Q

The production of PTH by the parathyroid gland results in ______________________.

A

decreased excretion of calcium by the kidneys

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4
Q

Which of the following is a result of the release of natriuretic peptides by the heart?

A

sodium and water loss from the kidneys

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5
Q

Which of the following are the dominant hormones of the resistance phase of the stress response?

A

glucocorticoids

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6
Q

A congenital endocrine disorder might arise from _______________________.

A

the enzymes required for normal glandular function are abnormal

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7
Q

Which statement regarding olfactory organs is FALSE?

A

Olfactory organs are made up of four cell types.

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8
Q

To which taste sensation are humans the most sensitive?

A

bitter

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9
Q

Which of the following is true regarding differences between gustation and olfaction?

A

Some types of molecules directly depolarize cell membranes in gustation, whereas olfaction relies solely on the binding of molecules to membrane proteins.

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10
Q

You walk out of a darkened movie theater into bright sunlight. Which of the following would most likely result?

A

There would be increased parasympathetic stimulation to the muscles of the iris

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11
Q

The cornea is part of the ________________.

A

fibrous layer

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12
Q

If a man had a genetic mutation that eliminated his green and blue cones, how would his color perception be affected?

A

He would be able to see black, white, shades of gray, and colors other than red.

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13
Q

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the vestibular complex?

A

cochlear duct

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14
Q

Which structure makes contact with the stereocilia of hair cells?

A

tectorial membrane

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15
Q

Motor commands issued by the vestibular nuclei are distributed to motor nuclei to produce reflexive movements of the ______________.

A

eye, head, and neck

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16
Q

Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding the autonomic nervous system (ANS) anatomy?

A

The parasympathetic division axons emerge from the thoracic and superior lumbar segments of the spinal cord.

17
Q

Which parasympathetic ganglion sends postganglionic fibers to innervate the parotid salivary glands?

A

otic ganglion

18
Q

Inferior mesenteric ganglion axons innervate which of the following organs?

A

kidney

19
Q

Which statement regarding membrane receptors at the target organs is FALSE?

A

Adrenergic β3 receptors are involved with cardiac muscle stimulation and increased tissue metabolism.

20
Q

Characteristics of the sympathetic division of the ANS include _________________.

A

short preganglionic fibers

21
Q

Which of the following results from increased parasympathetic stimulation?

A

increased insulin secretion by the pancreas

22
Q

Which visceral reflex(es), stimulated by pressure and physical contact, occur(s) via vagus nerve innervation?

A

gastric and intestinal reflexes

23
Q

Chemoreceptors of carotid bodies ________________.

A

are sensitive to changes in the pH, Pco2, and Po2 in arterial blood

24
Q

Which brain structure is considered the sympathetic and parasympathetic headquarters?

A

hypothalamus

25
Q

Which of the following is a functional effect of sympathetic activation?

A

glycogen breakdown in the muscular system

26
Q

Which of the following gustatory receptors do not rely on the activation of second messengers to stimulate release of chemical neurotransmitters?

A

sour

27
Q

When dissolved chemicals contact the dendritic processes of olfactory receptors, what occurs as a result of second messenger activation?

A

depolarization

28
Q

The site of sharpest vision is the:

A

fovea

29
Q

The photoreceptors of the eye synapse on which of the following?

A

bipolar cells

30
Q

Which of the following composes the innermost layer of cells in the retina?

A

ganglion cells

31
Q

Which gustatory receptors appear to be especially concentrated in the pharynx?

A

water

32
Q

What is the extensive network of neurons and nerve networks located in the walls of the digestive tract known as?

A

enteric nervous system

33
Q

In the parasympathetic division of the ANS, where do the pelvic nerves synapse?

A

intramural ganglia

Anatomy and Physiology (7 decks)

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