Chapter Two exam

Question 1

Which of the following is not considered part of the integument (skin)?

Answer 1

Hypodermis

Question 2

The integumentary layer consisting of 8 to 10 layers of keratinocytes that are bound together by desmosomes is the:

Answer 2

stratum spinosum.

Question 3

Which of the following does not occur when blood flow to the skin decreases?

Answer 3

Hemoglobin releases carbon dioxide.

Question 4

Which type of fiber in the dermis is very strong and resists stretching?

Answer 4

Collagen Fibers

Question 5

Which of the following layers of the cutaneous membrane contains capillary loops that assist in thermoregulation?

Answer 5

papillary layer of the dermis

Question 6

Contractile cells that squeeze exocrine glands of the skin and discharge the accumulated secretion are which of the following?

Answer 6

myoepithelial cells

Question 7

Which nail structure is known as the cuticle?

Answer 7

eponychium

Question 8

As humans age, the reduction in which of the following may decrease the sensitivity of the immune response?

Answer 8

dendritic cells

Question 9

Which of the following substances is/are produced by the salivary glands and glands of the duodenum?

Answer 9

epidermal growth factor (EGF)

Question 10

Which event likely occurs at one week after skin injury?

Answer 10

Phagocytic activity around the site has almost ended, and the blood clot disintegrates.

Question 11

Which of the following substances protects against abrasion and serves as a water repellent?

Answer 11

keratin

Question 12

Cells have stopped dividing and have started making large amounts of keratin and keratohyalin by the time they reach which layer?

Answer 12

stratum granulosum

Question 13

The network of arteries and veins connected to smaller vessels servicing the tissues of the integumentary system is the

Answer 13

cutaneous plexus

Question 14

The epidermis is dominated by ____ , which form several layers, or strata.

Answer 14

keratinocytes

Question 15

The stratum spinosum contains _____ cells, which participate in the immune response by stimulating a defense against microorganisms that manage to penetrate the superficial layers of the epidermis.

Answer 15

dendritic, Langerhans

Question 16

The primary pigments involved in skin coloration are ____ , an orange-yellow pigment, and melanin, a brown, yellow-brown, or black pigment.

Answer 16

carotene

Question 17

The dermis consists of two layers: the ______ layer, which consists of a highly vascularized areolar tissue with all of the typical cell types within it; and the reticular layer, which consists of an interwoven meshwork of dense, irregular connective tissue containing both collagen and elastic fibers.

Answer 17

papillary

Question 18

During the_____phase, the hair loses its attachment to the follicle and becomes a club hair.
Question19

Answer 18

resting

Question 19

Sebaceous glands secrete ____ , which coats the hair shaft and surrounding epidermal surfaces, providing lubrication.

Answer 19

sebum

Question 20

Near the nail root, the dermal blood vessels may be obscured, leaving a pale crescent area known as the

Answer 20

lunula

Question 21

In the elderly, merocrine sweat glands become less active, and, with impaired perspiration, older people cannot ____heat as fast as younger people

Answer 21

lose

Question 22

Growth hormone (GH) stimulates _____activity and collagen synthesis.

Answer 22

fibroblast

Question 23

A_____is a raised, thickened mass of scar tissue that begins at the site of injury and grows into the surrounding dermis.

Answer 23

keloid

Question 24

Scar tissue

Answer 24

Combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and an extensive capillary network

Question 25

Granulation tissue

Answer 25

Inflexible, noncellular formation of fibrous tissue when it replaces severely damaged hair follicles, sebaceous or sweat glands, muscle cells, and nerves

Question 26

Malignant Melanoma

Answer 26

Cancerous melanocytes grow rapidly and metastasize through the lymphatic system.

Question 27

Cholecalciferol

Answer 27

Vitamin D3

Question 28

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Answer 28

Originates in the stratum basale, due to mutations caused by overexposure to the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight