Chapter Two exam Flashcards
Which of the following is not considered part of the integument (skin)?
Hypodermis
The integumentary layer consisting of 8 to 10 layers of keratinocytes that are bound together by desmosomes is the:
stratum spinosum.
Which of the following does not occur when blood flow to the skin decreases?
Hemoglobin releases carbon dioxide.
Which type of fiber in the dermis is very strong and resists stretching?
Collagen Fibers
Which of the following layers of the cutaneous membrane contains capillary loops that assist in thermoregulation?
papillary layer of the dermis
Contractile cells that squeeze exocrine glands of the skin and discharge the accumulated secretion are which of the following?
myoepithelial cells
Which nail structure is known as the cuticle?
eponychium
As humans age, the reduction in which of the following may decrease the sensitivity of the immune response?
dendritic cells
Which of the following substances is/are produced by the salivary glands and glands of the duodenum?
epidermal growth factor (EGF)
Which event likely occurs at one week after skin injury?
Phagocytic activity around the site has almost ended, and the blood clot disintegrates.
Which of the following substances protects against abrasion and serves as a water repellent?
keratin
Cells have stopped dividing and have started making large amounts of keratin and keratohyalin by the time they reach which layer?
stratum granulosum
The network of arteries and veins connected to smaller vessels servicing the tissues of the integumentary system is the
cutaneous plexus
The epidermis is dominated by ____ , which form several layers, or strata.
keratinocytes
The stratum spinosum contains _____ cells, which participate in the immune response by stimulating a defense against microorganisms that manage to penetrate the superficial layers of the epidermis.
dendritic, Langerhans
The primary pigments involved in skin coloration are ____ , an orange-yellow pigment, and melanin, a brown, yellow-brown, or black pigment.
carotene
The dermis consists of two layers: the ______ layer, which consists of a highly vascularized areolar tissue with all of the typical cell types within it; and the reticular layer, which consists of an interwoven meshwork of dense, irregular connective tissue containing both collagen and elastic fibers.
papillary
During the_____phase, the hair loses its attachment to the follicle and becomes a club hair.
Question19
resting
Sebaceous glands secrete ____ , which coats the hair shaft and surrounding epidermal surfaces, providing lubrication.
sebum
Near the nail root, the dermal blood vessels may be obscured, leaving a pale crescent area known as the
lunula
In the elderly, merocrine sweat glands become less active, and, with impaired perspiration, older people cannot ____heat as fast as younger people
lose
Growth hormone (GH) stimulates _____activity and collagen synthesis.
fibroblast
A_____is a raised, thickened mass of scar tissue that begins at the site of injury and grows into the surrounding dermis.
keloid
Scar tissue
Combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and an extensive capillary network
Granulation tissue
Inflexible, noncellular formation of fibrous tissue when it replaces severely damaged hair follicles, sebaceous or sweat glands, muscle cells, and nerves
Malignant Melanoma
Cancerous melanocytes grow rapidly and metastasize through the lymphatic system.
Cholecalciferol
Vitamin D3
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Originates in the stratum basale, due to mutations caused by overexposure to the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight
