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Chem 103 > Unit two > Flashcards

Unit two Flashcards

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1
Q

When do covalent bonds occur

A

when electrons are shared between atoms; between nonmetals

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2
Q

When do ionic bonds occur

A

when electrons are gained or lost; between metals and nonmentals

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3
Q

what is electronegativity

A

the tendency of an atom to attract electron density towards itself

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4
Q

What is the electronegativity trend

A

increases up and to the right

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5
Q

How do you figure out formal charge

A

separate electrons based on how they are shared then determine if each element has more valence electrons than usual

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6
Q

how do you find percent composition

A

number of moles in molecule times mass number divided by the smallest of those numbers

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7
Q

How do you go from empirical formula to molecular formula

A

Must be given molar mass then divide that by empirical mass and multiple by empirical formula

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8
Q

How do you go from percent composition to empirical formula

A

Assume the percents are out of 100 grams so given percentages are grams, divide by mass number then by smallest number to get formula

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9
Q

what is the formula for molality

A

mols of solute divided by kg of solution

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10
Q

What is the formula for molarity

A

mol of solute over liters of solution

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11
Q

What is the formula for percent by mass

A

mass of solute over total mass times 100

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12
Q

What is the formula for percent by volume

A

volume of solute over total volume time 100

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13
Q

What is the formula for mass per unit volume

A

mass of solute over total volume

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14
Q

what are the strong acids

A

halogens except for first and last, HNO3, H2SO4, and HCl4

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15
Q

what are the strong bases

A

LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ba(OH)2

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16
Q

What is the driving force of neutralization reactions

A

formation of salt and water

17
Q

What are redox reactions

A

when an atom gains electrons while another loses electrons

18
Q

What happens to electrons when an atom is oxidized

A

they lose electrons

19
Q

what happens to electrons when an atom is reduced

A

they gain electrons

20
Q

what is the oxidation number of covalent fluorine

A

-1

21
Q

what is the oxidation number of covalent oxygen

A

-2

22
Q

what is the oxidation number of covalent and ionic hydrogen

A

covalent is +1 and ionic is -1

23
Q

What is an oxidation

A

increase in oxidation number

24
Q

what is a reduction

A

decrease in oxidation number

25
Q

What is an oxidizing agent

A

agent that causes oxidation while it is being reduced

26
Q

what is a reducing agent

A

agent that causes reductions while it is being oxidized

27
Q

What is percent yield

A

measure of how well the reaction went

28
Q

What is the formula for percent yield

A

actual over theoretical times 100

Chem 103 (5 decks)

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