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Chem 103 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is energy

A

The capacity to do work or produce heat

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2
Q

Where is potential energy stored

A

stored in bonds

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3
Q

What is thermal energy

A

total amount of kinetic energy in a system measured in joules

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4
Q

What is heat and its symbol

A

thermal energy transferred between two systems symbol is q

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5
Q

What is heat capacity and its symbol

A

amount of heating necessary to change the temperature of an object (depends on the amount of stuff) symbol is C

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6
Q

What is specific heat and its symbol

A

heat capacity per gram symbol is c

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7
Q

What is enthalpy and its symbol

A

thermal energy absorbed or released by a system that is free to do work symbol is H

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8
Q

What is enthalpy when the rxn is exothermic and endothermic

A

negative for exothermic and positive for endothermic

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9
Q

What is a stipulation of the enthalpy of formation

A

element being calculated needs to be only one mol so others might be in fractions

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10
Q

What is the standard enthalpy of formation of elements in their natural state

A

zero

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11
Q

What is bond energy and its symbol

A

the energy required to break a bond symbol is D

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12
Q

What type of bonds are usually shorter

A

Stonger bonds

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13
Q

What types of bonds are stonger

A

triple bonds then double then single

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14
Q

What is lattice energy and its symbol

A

e required to pull ions apart symbol is delta H sub latt

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15
Q

What is entropy and its symbol

A

disorder within a system symbol is s

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16
Q

When is entropy favored or disfavored

A

when entropy is potive it is favored when its negative its disfavored

17
Q

What is free energy and its symbol

A

maximum amount of work a system can do spontaneously symbol is G

18
Q

What will free energy be when a reaction is spontaneous and not spontaneous

A

when negative the rxn is spontaneous and when postive the rxn is not spontaneous

19
Q

When enthalpy is negative and entropy is positive what will free energy be?

A

negative

20
Q

When enthalpy is positive and entropy is negative what will free energy be?

A

positve

21
Q

Under what conditions does free energy depend on temperature

A

when enthalpy and entropy are both negative and positive

22
Q

When an endothermic reaction occurs, what bonds are broken and what ones occur?

A

Strong bonds are broken while weak ones form

23
Q

When an exothermic reaction occurs what bonds are broken and what ones occur?

A

Weak bonds are broken while strong ones form

24
Q

When do molecules have a greater freedom of movement?

A

when pressure decreases

25
Q

What is the kinetic theory

A

Gas particles are in constant, random motion. Pressure is a result of gas particles colliding with walls of a container. Volume of the gas particles themselves is assumed to be negligable. Gas particles are neither attracted to nor repelled by each other. The average kinetic energy of a sample of gas particles is proportional to temperature.

26
Q

What is velocity dependent on and what are their relationships

A

temperature increases as velocity does and molar mass increases as velocity decreases

27
Q

What is kinetic enegy dependent on and what is its relationship

A

temperature increases as kinetic energy does

28
Q

What is the mean free path

A

distance that a gas particle travels before hitting another gas particle

29
Q

What is diffusion

A

mixing of gases

30
Q

What is effusion

A

rate at which gases expand into a vacuum through a small hole

31
Q

When do real gases deviate from ideal behavior and why

A

At high pressure since as pressure increases, the volume of a gas particle becomes more significant thus, moving away from the ideal gas law. Low temperature since gas particles are attracted to each other but at low temperatures, particle attraction slows down thus, decreasing pressure which is not ideal

32
Q

When work is negative and positve is work being done by or on the system?

A

When work is negative, work is being done by the system. When work is positive, work is being done on the system

33
Q

What must delta V be in order for work to be negative

A

positive

34
Q

What must delta V be in order for work to be positive

A

negative

35
Q

When a rxn is endothermic what are the enthalpy and heat signs

A

positive and positive

36
Q

When a rxn is exothermic what are the enthalpy and heat signs

A

negative and negative

37
Q

What is the lattice energy trend

A

increases up and to the right

Chem 103 (5 decks)

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