Unit three cells Flashcards
What are cells
Cells are the smallest unit that can carry out all the processes of life.
Robert Hooke
Discovered cells and referred to them as tiny, empty chambers
Aton van Leeuwenhoek
made many simple microscopes more powerful than Hooke’s
Matthias Schleiden
a botanist who discovered that all plants are composed of cells
Theodore Schwann
a zoologist who discovered that all animals are made of cells
Rudolph Virchow
noted that all cells come from preexisting ones
Cell theory
All living things are composed of cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
New cells are produced from preexisting cells
Heterotrophs
Obtain energy from their surroundings
Autotrophs
Make their own food
All living organisms
Preform chemical changes
Evolve
Have to reproduce
Maintain a stable internal temperature through homeostasis
Cell size is limited by
Its surface to volume ratio
Cell membrane
Responsible for the movement of materials into and out of a cell
parts of a cell
Cytoplasm, nucleus, chromatin, chromosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole, Golgi apparatus, vesicle, mitochondria, centrioles, lysosome
Nucleus
Contains chromosomes, the nucleolus, nuclear pores, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole, Golgi apparatus, vesicle, mitochondria, centrioles, lysosomes
Cell membrane
Separates the internal chemical reactions of the cell from the external environment and regulates the passage of materials
Nucleoplasm
Holds the contents of the nucleus
Nuclear membrane
Filled with pores that allow RNA through
Chromatin
This is DNA before it splits
Chromosomes
DNA after it splits
What does the nucleus do
Carries genetic information, controls reproduction, directs protein synthesis, and controls all the activities of the cell
Ribosomes
The site of protein synthesis
The ER
provides a path for molecules
The rough ER
Is covered with ribosomes and is involved with making proteins
Golgi apparatus
Modifies, sorts, and packs, proteins that arrived from the endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosomes
Break down large molecules of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids to recycle them for further use
Peroxisomes
Break down alcohols and kill bacteria producing hydrogen peroxide which is converted into water and oxygen
Vacuoles
Stores water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
Mitocondria
Used for cellular respiration and produce their own DNA
Cytoskeleton
Network of proteins, fibers, and tubes that helps a cell maintain its shape
Microfilimants
Gives support to a cell and is made of a solid, thread, protein structure
Microtubules
Maintain cell shape, aid the separation of chromosomes during cell division, form cillia and flagella
Centrioles
Two short cylinders at right angle to one another found near the nuclear membrane that help separate chromosomes
Plant cell
Cell membrane, cell wall, cell wall of neighboring cell, nucleus, nucleolus, smooth er, rough er, ribosomes, cytoplasm, chloroplast, mitochondria, central vacuole, peroxisome, Golgi apparatus
Cell wall
