Unit Three Flashcards
What are Freud’s stages of development?
the oral stage, the anal stage, the phallic stage, the latent period, and the genital stage
What is the age range for the oral stage?
birth to one year
What is the erogenous zone during the oral stage?
the mouth
What is the primary conflict in the oral stage?
weaning, if a child is weaned off improperly they may have issues with eating, drinking, and nail biting due to the development of an oral fixation, and they may be aggressive and dependent
What is the age range for the anal stage?
one to three years
What is the erogenous zone for the anal stage?
bowel and bladder control
What is the primary conflict in the anal stage?
potting training, if a parent is too lenient the child may become anal expulsive and messy, if they are too strict the child may become obsessively neat and anal retentive
What is the age range for the phallic stage?
three to six years
What is the erogenous zone for the phallic stage?
genitals
What happens in the phallic stage?
the child starts to identify with the same sex parent (father and son, mother and daughter)
What is the age range for the latent period?
six years to puberty
What is the erogenous zone for the latent period?
sexual feelings are inactive
What happens in the latent stage?
children start to develop friendships on their own, superego and ego contribute to calm
What is the age range for the genital stage?
puberty to death
What is the erogenous zone for the genital stage?
maturing sexual interests
What happens in the genital stage?
if all other stages went well, the person should be caring and well-developed, they should be able to have adult relationships, they shouldn’t be overly sexual or under sexual and they should balance their urges with the need to conform
What are Piaget’s stages of development?
sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operations, and formal operations
What is the age range for the sensorimotor stage?
birth to two years old
What happens in the sensorimotor stage?
kids develop an understanding of themselves, reality, and how things work by interacting with their environment
What is the age range of the preoperational stage?
two to four years
What happens in the preoperational stage?
the kid is not able to understand abstract concepts without concrete evidence
What is the age range for the concrete operations stage?
seven to eleven years
What happens in the concrete operations stage?
kids gain experience so they learn to accommodate more, think abstractly and conceptually
What is the age range of the formal operations stage?
it starts between ages eleven to fifteen
What happens in the formal operations stage?
the kid no longer needs concrete objects to rationalize things as their cognition has reached its final form
When do you learn object permanence?
as a toddler after the sensorimotor stage, newborns don’t know it so that’s why they love peek a boo
When do you learn conservation?
as a kid after the preoperational stage, toddlers don’t understand that shape changes =/= amount changes
When do you understand hypotheticals?
as a teenager after the concrete operations stage, kids don’t understand hypotheticals
What are the types of needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
self fulfillment needs, psychological needs, and basic needs
What falls under self fulfillment needs?
self actualization
What falls under psychological needs?
esteem needs and belongingness & loving needs
What falls under basic needs?
safety needs, physiological needs
What is self actualization?
achieving one’s full potential, including creative activities
What are esteem needs?
prestige and feeling of accomplishment
What are belongingness & loving needs?
intimate relationships, friends
What are safety needs?
security, safety
What are physiological needs?
food, water, warmth, rest
What are Kohlberg’s levels of moral development?
preconventional morality, conventional morality, and postconventional morality
What are Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?
obedience and punishment orientation, individualism and exchange, good interpersonal relationships, maintaining the social order, social contract and individual rights, universal principles
What happens in stage one: obedience and punishment orientation?
you are good to avoid being punished
What happens in stage two: individualism and exchange?
you recognize there are multiple different viewpoints, meaning different places/people have different standards
What happens in stage three: good interpersonal relationships?
you want to be seen as a good person, don’t want to be judged or rock the boat
What happens in stage four: maintaining the social order?
you become aware of society’s expectations, abide by laws, avoid guilt
What happens in stage five: social contract and individual rights?
you become aware of rules and how sometimes they go against the interest of some individuals
What happens in stage six: universal principles?
people develop their own set of moral guidelines that may not fit the law, few people reach this stage
What are archetypes?
widely understood symbols, patterns, or concepts
What is schema?
the way your brain organizes information
What is collective unconscious?
the part of the mind containing memories and impulses of which the individual is not aware
What is gender identity?
sex = biological, gender = behaviors associated with sex
What are gender roles?
men have the job of working to provide for the family and women have the job of caring for the children
What are gender stereotypes?
men are big, strong, and powerful while women are dainty, nurturing, and weak
What are the gender theories?
psychoanalytic theory, social learning theory, and cognitive development theory
What does the psychoanalytic theory say?
children look to their mom or dad to see how their gender should act
What does the social learning theory say?
children copy behaviors of others of their same gender
What does the cognitive development theory say?
children try to make sense of their environment
What comes along with old age?
declining health, declining sexual activity, and increasing isolation
What are the stages of dying?
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance
What is the denial stage?
when one refuses to accept their diagnosis
What is the anger stage?
when one starts feeling cheated or robbed
What is the bargaining stage?
when one attempts to strike a deal with god
What is the depression stage?
when one feels a sense of loss because their death is inevitable
What is the acceptance stage?
when one accepts their imminent death
