Unit One Flashcards
Structuralism
using introspection to analyze how simple components come together to form complex experiences
Functionalism
mental life and behavior are adaptations to environmental challenges and opportunities
Gestalt
you are more than your life experiences and the inheritable traits you are given from your parents
Inheritable Traits
traits from parents that come naturally
Psychoanalytical
looks at the subconscious mind by pulling repressed memories to the conscious mind
Behavioral
having to do with learning and conditioning
Humanistic
focuses on the person as a whole
Cognitive
having to do with the thought process or thinking
Biological
having to do with the biological process of psychology like chemicals of your brain, diet, and inherited factors
Sociocultural
focuses on the role of environment and culture on a person’s psyche
Placebo
an inert treatment like sugar pills
Ethical issues in research
dignity and welfare, observing laws, deception, minimizing misleading results, obtaining consent
Single blind (definition)
when the person conducting the experiment knows which test subjects get the treatment and which do not, while the test subjects do not
Single blind (example)
this could be used when testing to see which brand of food a subject prefers without them knowing which brand they are trying, preventing bias amongst testers
Double blind (definition)
both researchers and test subjects don’t know who got the treatment and who got the placebo
Double blind (example)
this could be used when testing a new medication to prevent bias from researchers evaluating subjects’ outcomes
Placebo effect
the tendency of people getting treatment to believe the treatment is working so they feel better
Clinical psychologist
a psychologist who diagnoses and treats people with emotional disturbances
Counseling psychologist
a psychologist who usually helps people deal with problems of everyday life
Developmental psychologist
a psychologist who studies the emotional, cognitive, biological, personal, and social changes that occur as an individual matures
Educational psychologist
a psychologist who is concerned with helping students learn
Community psychologist
a psychologist who may work in a mental health or social welfare agency
Industrial/organizational psychologist
a psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers
Environmental psychologist
a psychologist who explores the relationship between humans and the external world
Experimental psychologist
a psychologist who studies sensation, perception, learning, motivation, and/or emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions
Naturalistic observation (definition)
qualitative research method where you record the behaviors of your research subjects in real world settings
Naturalistic observation (example)
a researcher would use this method when studying something they couldn’t replicate in a lab
Surveys (definition)
the collection of information from a sample of individuals through their responses to questions
Surveys (example)
when trying to collect data on how students in your grade perform academically and how well they sleep, one could send out a survey for them to fill out and write about their grades and sleep schedule
Longitudinal studies (definition)
researchers repeatedly examine the same individual or phenomenon to detect any changes that might occur over a period of time
Longitudinal studies (example)
a researcher would use this type of research to study how a change in a daily activities has affected a subject’s life
Cross-sectional studies (definition)
research design in which you collect data from many different individuals at a single point in time
Cross-sectional studies (example)
a researcher would use this type of study when analyzing the prevalence of a disease among a certain age group
Correlation and explanation (definition)
the measure of the extent to which two variables are related
Correlation and explanation (example)
when trying to understand if there is a correlation between sports and academic performance, one could perform a correlational study
Experiments (definition)
a procedure carried out to support or refute a likely previously untried hypothesis
Experiments (example)
experiments may be conducted when a researcher is trying to further analyze the behaviors of specific individuals in certain situations
Case studies (definition)
an in-depth, detailed examination of a particular case within a real world context
Case studies (example)
special education case managers observe their special education students to determine if their educational plan is working for them
How will future tech change psychology?
more devices = more access to counseling psychology
more research tech = more treatments discovered
