UNIT TEST REVIEW Flashcards
Chronological clock
- is a person’s actual age
- defines adulthood in terms of the number of years
since birth
BIOLOGICAL CLOCK
- reflects our physical changes as we grow
- ex. sexual maturity, reaching full
size/strength - has sped up significantly thanks to
improved nutrition and health
PSYCHOLOGICAL CLOCK
- reflects brain development
- gain more mature ways of understanding the
world
SOCIAL CLOCK
- reflects society’s “timetable” of expectations for us
- when certain events should occur in life
- clock speed changes as social norms change (ex.
moving out of parents place, age of marriage, age
of having first child, etc.)
Developmental Theories
- attempt to identify patterns of life and to
describe growth or changes in human
behaviour as individuals grow and
mature
Who are the developmental theorist
- Erik Erikson’s Eight Stages of Life
- Jane Loevinger’s Theory of Ego Development
Carter McGoldrick The Family Life Cycle - Daniel Levinson’s Theory of the Seasons of Life
- Klaus Riegal’s Interpretation of Development
- Leonard Pearlin’s Theory of Psychological Distress
anticipatory socialization
allows people
to learn and practice role and
appropriate behaviour before actually
taking on a new role
Socialization
our behaviour adapts according to new
roles
* transition to a new role includes the
process of re-socialization
Identity and Self-Esteem
a consistent sense of self
* a realistic perception of the world
* a sense of control over one’s life
* identity of “who I am” and also “who I will be”
* Cooley’s “Looking Glass Self” plays a large part
in this
* family background, school experiences, social
networks are also important factors
Steps in Decision Making
Step 1 - Define the problem and your
expectations of the solution
Step 2 – Identify the alternatives
Step 3 – Evaluate the alternatives
Step 4 – Choose the most effective alternative
Step 5 – Act on the decision
Step 6 – Evaluate the decision
Socialization Within the Family
- family is first and most critical influence on socialization
- children acquire the status of their family
- identify with the race, culture and religion from their parents
- values and beliefs are clarified by reflecting on one’s actions and
experiences - family background can sometimes determine the paths an
individual takes - family is often the filter that selects which environmental factors
influence their children
Socialization in Education
school is the first step in independence from their family
* significant others who provide feedback on their behaviour
* curriculum is set, teachers transmit knowledge and skills
required by society and access their performance so that
students can acquire a realistic perception of what they can
do
* during adolescence, the peer group is the strongest
influence
* social behaviour and expectations can be negotiated within
a peer group, or alternative peer groups can be chosen –
adolescents can dictate who they want to be from a wider
range of role models among their peers
homeostasis
a state of equilibrium)
* ie. women in the workplace has changed the role
of men - work and family roles
Gender Role
- especially challenging for new Canadians who
are faced with re-socialization and conflicting
cultures - most influential change in gender roles is women
entering the workplace; returning even after they
have children
segregation
the action or state of setting someone or something apart from others
discrimination
the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of ethnicity, age, sex, or disability.
intrinsic
competence, people-oriented
goals)
Things with personal value- Women
extrinsic
high pay,
status
Things with objects- Men
THE COSTS OF EDUCATION
- currently the average price tag for tuition alone is
between $6000 - $8000
RESP founded in 1998 - some parents expect there to be some contribution
made by the child whether it be during the high
school years or during post-secondary studies - many argue that because well-educated citizens
benefit society, post-secondary studies should be
covered through taxes
RESP
Registered Education Savings Plans
individualism
the habit or principle of being independent and self-reliant.
transient
a person who is staying or working in a place for only a short time.
Residential Instability –
foster care to
homelessness
Causes of Homelessness
- Disruptive/Conflictual Family Conditions –
physical, psychological, sexual abuse, neglect
or abandonment – a 1992 study found that
75% report some form of abuse - Residential Instability – foster care to
homelessness
* Approximately 50 000 young Canadians run
away from home each year; 90% return
within 60 days; 10% become homeless - Financial Crisis – leave home, cannot do it
on their own and are unable or unwilling to
return home for various reasons
