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Families In Canada > UNIT TEST REVIEW > Flashcards

UNIT TEST REVIEW Flashcards

1
Q

Chronological clock

A
  • is a person’s actual age
  • defines adulthood in terms of the number of years
    since birth
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2
Q

BIOLOGICAL CLOCK

A
  • reflects our physical changes as we grow
  • ex. sexual maturity, reaching full
    size/strength
  • has sped up significantly thanks to
    improved nutrition and health
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3
Q

PSYCHOLOGICAL CLOCK

A
  • reflects brain development
  • gain more mature ways of understanding the
    world
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4
Q

SOCIAL CLOCK

A
  • reflects society’s “timetable” of expectations for us
  • when certain events should occur in life
  • clock speed changes as social norms change (ex.
    moving out of parents place, age of marriage, age
    of having first child, etc.)
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5
Q

Developmental Theories

A
  • attempt to identify patterns of life and to
    describe growth or changes in human
    behaviour as individuals grow and
    mature
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6
Q

Who are the developmental theorist

A
  • Erik Erikson’s Eight Stages of Life
  • Jane Loevinger’s Theory of Ego Development
    Carter McGoldrick The Family Life Cycle
  • Daniel Levinson’s Theory of the Seasons of Life
  • Klaus Riegal’s Interpretation of Development
  • Leonard Pearlin’s Theory of Psychological Distress
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7
Q

anticipatory socialization

A

allows people
to learn and practice role and
appropriate behaviour before actually
taking on a new role

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8
Q

Socialization

A

our behaviour adapts according to new
roles
* transition to a new role includes the
process of re-socialization

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9
Q

Identity and Self-Esteem

A

a consistent sense of self
* a realistic perception of the world
* a sense of control over one’s life
* identity of “who I am” and also “who I will be”
* Cooley’s “Looking Glass Self” plays a large part
in this
* family background, school experiences, social
networks are also important factors

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10
Q

Steps in Decision Making

A

Step 1 - Define the problem and your
expectations of the solution
Step 2 – Identify the alternatives
Step 3 – Evaluate the alternatives
Step 4 – Choose the most effective alternative
Step 5 – Act on the decision
Step 6 – Evaluate the decision

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11
Q

Socialization Within the Family

A
  • family is first and most critical influence on socialization
  • children acquire the status of their family
  • identify with the race, culture and religion from their parents
  • values and beliefs are clarified by reflecting on one’s actions and
    experiences
  • family background can sometimes determine the paths an
    individual takes
  • family is often the filter that selects which environmental factors
    influence their children
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12
Q

Socialization in Education

A

school is the first step in independence from their family
* significant others who provide feedback on their behaviour
* curriculum is set, teachers transmit knowledge and skills
required by society and access their performance so that
students can acquire a realistic perception of what they can
do
* during adolescence, the peer group is the strongest
influence
* social behaviour and expectations can be negotiated within
a peer group, or alternative peer groups can be chosen –
adolescents can dictate who they want to be from a wider
range of role models among their peers

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13
Q

homeostasis

A

a state of equilibrium)
* ie. women in the workplace has changed the role
of men - work and family roles

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14
Q

Gender Role

A
  • especially challenging for new Canadians who
    are faced with re-socialization and conflicting
    cultures
  • most influential change in gender roles is women
    entering the workplace; returning even after they
    have children
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15
Q

segregation

A

the action or state of setting someone or something apart from others

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16
Q

discrimination

A

the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of ethnicity, age, sex, or disability.

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17
Q

intrinsic

A

competence, people-oriented
goals)
Things with personal value- Women

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18
Q

extrinsic

A

high pay,
status
Things with objects- Men

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19
Q

THE COSTS OF EDUCATION

A
  • currently the average price tag for tuition alone is
    between $6000 - $8000
    RESP founded in 1998
  • some parents expect there to be some contribution
    made by the child whether it be during the high
    school years or during post-secondary studies
  • many argue that because well-educated citizens
    benefit society, post-secondary studies should be
    covered through taxes
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20
Q

RESP

A

Registered Education Savings Plans

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21
Q

individualism

A

the habit or principle of being independent and self-reliant.

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22
Q

transient

A

a person who is staying or working in a place for only a short time.

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23
Q

Residential Instability –

A

foster care to
homelessness

24
Q

Causes of Homelessness

A
  1. Disruptive/Conflictual Family Conditions –
    physical, psychological, sexual abuse, neglect
    or abandonment – a 1992 study found that
    75% report some form of abuse
  2. Residential Instability – foster care to
    homelessness
    * Approximately 50 000 young Canadians run
    away from home each year; 90% return
    within 60 days; 10% become homeless
  3. Financial Crisis – leave home, cannot do it
    on their own and are unable or unwilling to
    return home for various reasons
25
Q

Autonomous self

A

self-directing freedom and especially moral independence.

26
Q

initiative

A

the ability to assess and initiate things independently

27
Q

industry

A

economic activity concerned with the processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods in factories.

28
Q

Types of Suicide

A
  1. Egoistic reflects a prolonged sense of not
    belonging; lack of social integration
  2. Altruistic is characterized by a sense of being
    overwhelmed by a group’s goals and beliefs
  3. Anomic reflects an individual’s moral confusion
    and lack of social direction, which is related to
    dramatic social and economic upheaval
  4. Fatalistic occurs when a person is excessively
    regulated, and so oppressed that they would
    rather die than live on
29
Q

pair-bond

A

(of an animal or person) form a close relationship through courtship and sexual activity with one other animal or person.

30
Q

The Purpose of Marriage

A

Schlesinger defined marriage as: “a socially legitimate sexual union,
begun with a public announcement and with some idea of
permanence, and assumed with a more or less explicit contract”
(1984)
* reality = most Canadians form conjugal unions prior to marriage and
many cohabitate and may or may not choose to marry in this day
and age
* the actual practice of marriage varies widely throughout the world
* despite the cynics, marriage has survived as the primary
relationship and the rites of passage that signify transition into
adulthood in almost all societies

31
Q

common-law

A

Having a romantic relationship with your partner and living together for over 3 years

32
Q

cohabitation

A

the state of living together and having a sexual relationship without being married

33
Q

dowry

A

– a transfer of parental property, gifts or
money at the marriage of a daughter

34
Q

bride price

A

money paid by groom or his family

35
Q

dower rights –

A

a married person’s right to
occupy the dwelling place owned in the name of
the spouse

36
Q

marriage contract –

A

mutual obligations of
husband and wife ie. a wife could be divorced if
she could not bear sons

37
Q

patrilocal

A

– located near the husband’s family

38
Q

matrilocal

A

located near the wife’s family

39
Q

patrician

A

wealthy, aristocratic family

40
Q

marriage banns

A

the intended couple’s names read
publicly 3 weeks before the ceremony

41
Q

functional requisites of marriage

A

sexual reproduction
socialization of children
division of labour

42
Q

History of Marriage

A
  • regulated sexual activity – especially with fathering children
  • also a viewed as a economic necessity ; for most of history, love was not a
    consideration
  • in ancient times and still in some cultures, the main goal was/is producing sons
  • a mutually agreeable betrothal may have been arranged when children were quite
    young, taking many factors into consideration
43
Q

polygyny

A

most common and accepted form of polygamy, entailing the marriage of a
man with several women

44
Q

polyandry

A

polygamy in which a woman has more than one husband

45
Q

polygamy

A
  • the practice or custom of having more than one wife or husband at the
    same time
46
Q

companionate marriage

A

– shared lifestyle; therefore choosing a partner
who has similar goals and the financial means to afford a shared status

47
Q

Adultery

A

cheating on your partner while in marriage/relationship

48
Q

Why People Marry

A
  • Western ideal: marry who you love versus loving who you marry is
    not the case everywhere
  • financial appeal
  • “greencard”/immigration
  • convenience
  • societal/family pressure
  • “everybody’s doing it”
  • a marriage must be consummated – refusal to have sex can be
    grounds for divorce
  • most agree that fidelity is a must, so why are extramarital affairs so
    widespread?
49
Q

Cohabitation

A
  • 60% of young Canadians live together in their first
    conjugal relationship
  • most people feel that cohabitation is “acceptable as
    insurance that marriage will last” and less acceptable if
    the couple “do not want to make a lasting commitment”
  • common –law couples are more likely to separate than
    married couples
  • coupes that marry after cohabitating are more likely to
    divorce
50
Q

Issues in Transitions to Adult

A

cope with the
challenges of early adulthood
major changes in roles
and subsequent behaviours
one is
faced with leaving the carefree
time of youth behind and take on
responsibilities necessary to
participate and function in society

51
Q

re socialization

A

undergoing this process again by drastically changing one’s values and beliefs.

52
Q

growth vs. development

A

growth is defined as an irreversible constant increase in size, and development is defined as growth in psychomotor capacity.

53
Q

generativity

A

a concern for people besides self and family that usually develops during middle age.
especially: a need to nurture and guide younger people and contribute to the next generation. used in the psychology of Erik Erikson

54
Q

stagnation

A

the state of not flowing or moving.

55
Q

betrothal

A

formal engagement to be married; engagement.

56
Q

pre nuptial agreement

A

an agreement entered into by a couple - preferably in good time before a marriage - which sets out how assets will be divided if they divorce or the marriage is dissolved.

AKA Prenups

57
Q

rites of passage

A

Ceremonies that mark important transitional periods in a person’s life, such as birth, puberty, marriage, having children, and death.

Families In Canada (4 decks)

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