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science > unit test for ecology > Flashcards

unit test for ecology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

definition of commensalism

A

when one species benefits from a relationship with another species without any harm or benefit to other species

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2
Q

definition for parasitism

A

when one species benefits at the expense of another species

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3
Q

definition of mutualism

A

when both species benefit from the symbiotic partnership

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4
Q

maximum number of species an ecosystem can support

A

carrying capacity

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5
Q

organisms that are experiencing declining population that may eventually result in their disappearance

A

endangered

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6
Q

non-living factors associated with ecosystems

A

abiotic

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7
Q

process of producing carbohydrates from carbon dioxide,water,sunlight

A

photosynthesis

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8
Q

the process of moving a nutrient back and forth between the biotic and abiotic components an ecosystem

A

nutrient cycle

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9
Q

group of members of the same species that live in the same area

A

population

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10
Q

chemicals that kill unwanted organisms

A

pesticides

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11
Q

loss of biodiversity due to changes in average temperature and rainfall

A

climate change

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12
Q

number of different types of organisms in an area

A

biodiversity

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13
Q

alteration of a habitat so that the native species can no longer live there

A

habitat change

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14
Q

use of a resource faster than it can be replaced

A

overexploitation

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15
Q

the gradual build-up of a substance throughout a food web

A

bioaccumulation

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16
Q

non-native species that causes harm to the ecosystem into which it has been introduced

A

invasive species

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17
Q

both species benefit from a symbiotic partnership

A

mutualism

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18
Q

unplanned, disorganized growth of urban and suburban development into the surrounding countryside affecting biodiversity

A

urban sprawl

19
Q

a complex, self-regulating system made up of a group of living organisms and their abiotic environment

A

ecosystem

20
Q

using an ecosystem’s resources in a way that meets our current needs without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their needs

A

sustainable use

21
Q

interaction between two or more organisms needing the same resource in a given habitat

A

competition

22
Q

when one organism eats another organism to obtain food

A

predation

23
Q

a species that is at risk of becoming endangered if limiting factors are not reversed

A

at risk/ threatened

24
Q

any substance added to the environment that produces a condition that is harmful to organisms

A

pollution

25
Q

the region on Earth where life exists

A

biosphere

26
Q

one species benefits at the expense of another species

A

parasitism

27
Q

environmental factor that prevents an increase in the number of organisms

A

limiting factors ( is there enough water, space, or food for many animals to live)

28
Q

List two producers

name one herbivore

how many omnivores are there?name them

what is the trophic level of the fox?

what would happen if the rodent began to die of diease?

A

flower and grass ( or other producers)

rodent or any other ones

there are 2, bears and birds

third and fourth trophic level

an increase on producers and a decrease population of bears,owls,and foxes

29
Q
A
30
Q
A
31
Q

What is the role of bacteria?

A

bacteria helps break down nutrient in the soil. ( They decompose)

32
Q

How does carbon cycle through photosynthesis and cellular respiration

A

Cellular respiration uses oxygen and release carbon dioxide in the air. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen. The plants absorb the carbon dioxide from cellular respiration and the animals breathe in oxygen from photosynthesis

33
Q

name a abiotic factor that limits a population?

A

pollutant limits a population of organism because animals likes to live where the air is cleanand fresh. If they livein anevironment that is full of pollution in the air and water. It willmake them really sick and die and their population will go decrease

34
Q

why does heavy metal affect top consumers most?

A

Top consumers have very large concentration of merxcury in their body because;

mercury enters the soil

mercury is being absorbed by plants

plants eaten by consumers

top carnivores have mercury from many plants,herbivores, and carnivores in their bodies

(bioaccumulation)

35
Q

what would happen to the lake if the fertilizer ran into it?

A
  • called non-point source pollution
  • as fertilizers enters lakes , and causes increase in nutrients
  • resluts in algae population to go up
  • algae consume too much O2 to other organisms die off
36
Q

Zerba mussels enter the great lakes

write two postive and two negative ways they effect the great lake

A

positive #1 provided habitat for snails (shell)

positive #2 controlled algae population

negative #1 they can outcompete any native species

negative #2 they reproduce very fast because they don’t have any predators

37
Q

what type of relationship is shown in the graph?

Explain how the fluctuations in the 2 population is realted

A

predator-prey relationship

If there are more prey then that means the following year there would be more predators

38
Q

Pyramid of biomass accounts for the ___ of the organisms at each trophic level

A

Size

39
Q

what is biomass

A

total dry mass of tissues

40
Q

why do people against using pesticides? ( name 4)

A
  • goes into our air

our water system

our health

distrup food web

41
Q

what is an invasive species?

A

non-antive species that cuases harm to the ecosystem into which it has been indroduced

42
Q

2 types of invasive species

A

round goby

zebra mussle

43
Q

how do invasive species gets into new ecosystem?

A
  • by the ballast tanks of ship dumping the the ballast water into lakes
44
Q

name 4 human impacts on ecosystem

A
  1. Habitate change, making speices die or move ( clearcutting, forestry, urban sprawl )
  2. Overexploitation using resource faster then it can be replaced ( OVERFISHING, OVERUSE OF WATER)
  3. Pollution adding harmful things to the enviornment ( garbage in landfill, water contminants ( oil spill point source, fertilizers and salt from land non point source)
  4. Invasive Species

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