astronomy unit test Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Big Bang Theory occurred?

What time was it called?

A

The Big Bang Theory occurred 10-20 billion years ago. This was called time zero.

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2
Q

Describe the universe at the time of the Big Bang

A
  • All matter in the universe was closely packed together

- extremely high density and temperature

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3
Q

What evidence do we have of the Big Bang?

A
  1. The Red Shift of light coming from distant galaxies shows that they are moving away from us. So therefore the universe is expanding.
  2. Evidence that the universe is “glowing” from the initial “explosive” event
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4
Q

Definition of meteor

A

a meteoroid that burns up as it travels through Earth’s atmosphere

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5
Q

Definition of meteoroid

A

a small celestial object made of rock or metal moving around in space before it enters Earth’s atmosphere

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6
Q

Definition of meteorite

A

A meteor that survives Earth’s atmosphere and reaches the surface and could leave a huge crater.

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7
Q

Where is the asteroid belt?

A

Between Mars and Jupiter

boundary between inner planets and outer planets

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8
Q

period of day and night on Earth are cause by?

name 2

A
  1. the rotation of the Earth on its axis

2. whether the Earth is facing/tilted toward the sun or away from the sun

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9
Q

Important date of the four seasons

A

winter solstice: December 21
summer solstice: June 21
spring equinox: March 21
fall equinox: September 23

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10
Q

what happens on each of these days (spring/fall equinox) across the whole world?

A

every place on Earth has 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night

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11
Q

The seasons on Earth are caused by?

name 3

A
  1. the revolution of the Earth around the sun
  2. the tilt of the Earth
  3. whether a point on the Earth receives direct or indirect rays of light from the sun
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12
Q

what season is it when the Northern Hemisphere tilted toward the Sun?
describe the Sun’s rays

A

the season would be summer because since the northern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, the sun’s rays are direct, resulting in hot weather

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13
Q

what season is it when the Northern hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun? Describe the Sun’s rays

A

The season would be winter because the Northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, the sun’s rays would be indirect and it is weak, resulting in cool/cold weather.

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14
Q

what causes Spring and Fall? Describe the tilt of the Earth and the Sun’s rays.

A

when the Earth’s axis is tilted neither toward nor away from the sun and the sun’s rays are neither direct or indirect which causes spring and fall

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15
Q

What is an eclipse?

A

an eclipse occurs when one celestial body blocks the view of or light from another celestial body

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16
Q

what must occur in order for there to be a solar eclipse? (name 3)

A
  • the moon blocks the sun’s rays from reaching the Earth
  • when it’s a new moon
  • when the moon passes between Earth and the Sun
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17
Q

how long would you have to wait to see a total eclipse twice, from the exact same location on Earth?

A

it would take 375 years to see a total solar eclipse twice from the same location on Earth

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18
Q

who studied venus?

A

Magellan

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19
Q

who studied mars?

A

viking

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20
Q

who studied mercury?

A

Mariner 10

21
Q

who discovered Jupiter?

A

Galileo

22
Q

what flew by Jupiter and Saturn?

A

voyager 1 and 2

23
Q

who flew by Uranus and Neptune?

A

voyager 2

24
Q

how long does it take the Earth to rotate on its axis once?

A

24 hours

25
Q

how long does it take for Earth to revolve around the sun once?

A

365 days

26
Q

different time zone to east and west

A

east: add one hour
west: subtract one hour

27
Q

when you cross the international date line from east to west you…

A

add one day

28
Q

when you cross the international date line from west to east you…

A

subtract a day

29
Q

What does the Big Bang Theory explain?

A

The Big Bang Theory explain how the universe was formed and the theory sates that the universe started from a single form and has been expanding ever since

30
Q

What direction does the Earth rotates on its axis?

A

The Earth rotate on its axis counterclockwise( west to east)

31
Q

What direction does the Moon revolve around Earth?

A

Counterclockwise

32
Q

How are we able to see the Moon when it is in a total eclipse?

A

Light still reaches the moon even if it’s being covered by the earth.

33
Q

What does the moon look like during a total eclipse?

A

The Moon would look dull red

34
Q

Where would the Moon be for total eclipse?

A

The Moon would be entirely in the Earth’s umbra

35
Q

how long does it take the moon to rotate and revolve around Earth

A

27 1/3 days

36
Q

the farthest point from the Earth in the Moon’s oribt

A

Apogee

37
Q

the closest point to the Earth in the Moon’s orbit

A

perigee

38
Q

apollo 15

A

fourth mission that land on the moon
18.5 hours spent exploring surface
1st to use LRV

39
Q

international Space Station

A

a space research lab that is in low orbit around the Earth

40
Q

space shuttle program

A

to build a reusable spacecraft

made in 1970’s in USA after the Apollo program shuts down

41
Q

what does a spacecraft need in order to get into space(3 things)

A

thrust
powerful engines ( rocket booster)
a lot of fuel

42
Q

describe 3 physical effects of human pace travel

A

dizziness,headache, nausea
muscle and bone loss (lack of Ca and P)
organs move within body gravity

43
Q

name 5 concerns about human and space travel

A
  1. loss of communication with Mission Control Centre
  2. Computer failure (can’t control spacecraft)
  3. sun radiation
  4. environmental system failure
  5. have enough basic needs (food,water,air) to survive the long voyage
44
Q

what does a partial lunar eclipse look like?

A

part dull grey, part dull red

45
Q

what is the shape id the orbits of the planets in our solar system?

A

elliptical

45
Q

how are most probes, satellites, and equipment launched into orbit or father out into space?

A

rockets

46
Q

where is canadarm2 found?

A

on the international space station

47
Q

describe what the new moon looks like from earth

A

it is just pitch black in the sky. you can’t really see anything

48
Q

how long does a total solar eclipse last? explain

A
  • only last a few minutes
  • due to rotation of Earth’s surface, the umbra moves across Earth’s surface
  • called the path of totality