Unit Test- cells

Question 1

What is the order of the seven levels of organization?

Answer 1

atoms, molecules, cells, tissue, organs, organ systems, organism, population, community, ecosystem.

Question 2

what are 5 parts of a cell and compare it to a factory?

Answer 2

mitochondrion (electricians), vacuole (storage room), nucleus (manager), cell wall (the walls of the factory), cytoplasm (the inside of the factory)

Question 3

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 3

deoxyribo nucleic acid

Question 4

what are transport proteins?

Answer 4

they move materials across the bilayer

Question 5

what are cell surface markers?

Answer 5

it identifies the cell type (label)

Question 6

what are receptor proteins?

Answer 6

recognize and bind to substances outside the cell

Question 7

what do enzymes do?

Answer 7

assist and facilitate chemical reactions inside the cell.

Question 8

what is the cell membrane?

Answer 8

separates cell from outer environment, (gate keeper of cell)

Question 9

the head of a phospholipid is…?

Answer 9

polar (attracted to water)

Question 10

the tail of a phospholipid is….?

Answer 10

non polar (repelled by water)

Question 11

what is a passive transport?

Answer 11

a transport that requires no energy

Question 12

what is simple difusion?

Answer 12

when molecules move down the concentration gradient through the phospholipid bilayer

Question 13

what is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 13

allows larger or polar molecules to move across the membrane

Question 14

what are channel proteins?

Answer 14

pores or tunnels open for passage

Question 15

what are carrier proteins?

Answer 15

proteins change shape to move across the membrane

Question 16

active transport?

Answer 16

requires energy to move across membrane

Question 17

pumps?

Answer 17

carrier proteins that require energy

Question 18

vesicles?

Answer 18

move large substances in and out of cell

Question 19

what is osmosis?

Answer 19

facilitated diffusion of free water molecules

Question 20

what happens in Osmosis?

Answer 20

when free water molecules move down the concentration gradient and find space with a lower concentration of water.

Question 21

what is hypotonic?

Answer 21

when there is a low solute concentration outside the cell

Question 22

hypertonic?

Answer 22

a very high solute concentration outside the cell, more water inside

Question 23

isotonic?

Answer 23

equal amount of solute and water

Question 24

what happens to cells in hypo, hyper, and iso

Answer 24

hypo=bloated and full, for plants a very large vacuole
hyper=shrink and shrivel, plants vacuole is small
iso=healthy

Question 25

what are the steps in Mitosis?

Answer 25

G2 or interphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis

Question 26

what happens in prophase?

Answer 26

spindle fibers appear and chromosomes condense

Question 27

what happens in prometaphase?

Answer 27

spindles attach to chromosomes and chromosomes condense

Question 28

what happens in metaphase?

Answer 28

chromosomes align at the metaphase plate at the center of the cell

Question 29

what happens in anaphase?

Answer 29

centromeres divide and sister chromatids move to opposite poles

Question 30

what happens in telophase?

Answer 30

nuclear membrane reform, chromosomes decondense, and spindles disappear

Question 31

cytokinesis?

Answer 31

cytoplasm divides and parent cell become two daughter cells with identical genetic info

Question 32

what is mitosis?

Answer 32

the process of a mother cell dividing into two identical daughter cells through series of steps making the two new cell identical.

Question 33

where is the first checkpoint in the cell cycle?

Answer 33

G1 checkpoint in cell growth

Question 34

where is the 2nd checkpoint? 3rd?

Answer 34

G2 checkpoint, and then the spindle checkpoint.