Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Unit Test card deck > Flashcards

Unit Test card deck Flashcards

1
Q

what are the elements of the body?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what percent of the body do C,H,O,N make up

A

96%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Inorganic compounds do not contain

A

carbon (except CO2, CO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Organic Compounds

A

Contain carbon (and hydrogen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of bonds does carbon form

A

Covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the forms of single double and triple bonds

A

C-C, C=C, C=_C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define polymerization

A

process by which large molecules are formed by joining together small molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Monomer definition

A

small molecule (single building block of a polymer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Polymer definition

A

large molecule (made from adding monomers together)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Marcomolecule definition

A

very large polymers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the four main biomolecules in the body

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids (Fat and Cholesterol)
Proteins
Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the main function of carbs

A

Short term energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ratio of Carbohydrates

A

C,H,O in a 1:2:1 ratio (CHO with a HO in a 2 to 1 ratio)

Carbohydrates are hydrated carbon. Every Carbon atom has an H2O attached in the form of H and an -OH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Monosacchrides are also known as

A

Simple sugars (The monomers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Glucose =

A

blood sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fructose =

A

fruit sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Isomers

A

Chemical compounds made of the same kind and number of atoms, but are bonded differently.

Same atoms, put together in a different way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If carbon is shown without surrounding atoms, what can you assume is surrounding the carbon?

A

Hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Disaccharides

A

2 monosaccharides joined together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sucrose (Table Sugar) =

A

Glucose + Fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Maltose=

A

Glucose + Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lactose =

A

Glucose + Galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Oligosaccharides definition

A

A few monosaccharides covalently linked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where are Oligosaccharides found?

A

attached to proteins or lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Example of oligosaccharides found on the outside of cells

A

Glycoproteins and Glycolipids are found on the outside of the cells. They help with cell to cell interactions and cell signaling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Polysaccharides

A

long chains of monosaccharides and or disaccharides joined together. Chains may form branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Polysaccharides are the main way humans store what

A

Sugar (glucose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Examples of polusaccharides

A

Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Plants store excess sugar in what form

A

starch (aka Amylose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

foods that contain a great deal of starch are

A

potatoes, pasta, bread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What form do animals store excess sugars in

A

Glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Where is glycogen stored

A

liver and muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

you try to make a warehouse of this polysaccharide when you start carboloading

34
Q

This polysaccharide is found only in plants

35
Q

cellulose is indigestible and so is also known as

36
Q

Why do we eat fiber if we cant digest it

A

It is natures intestinal scrub brush. Keeps things moving in your digestive system, good for the bacteria in your digestive system.

37
Q

why can’t you digest cellulose

A

we don’t have an enzyme to break beta bonds between the glucose molecules

38
Q

ranking of carbohydrates based on their ability to be converted to glucose in the body

A

Glycemic Index

39
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

When two monosaccharides are joined together to form a disaccharide a molecule of water is lost.

You lose a H off of one monomer and a OH off of a second monomer.

40
Q

How are carbohydrates made and broken down?

A

Made by Dehydration synthesis (lose a water to put two monomers together). AKA Condensation reaction

Broken down by Hydrolysis (add a water back in…the reverse of dehydration synthesis).

41
Q

To break a disaccharide down into monosaccharides what molecule must be added

A

A molecule of water (H2O)

42
Q

Carbon can form what types of structures

A

long chains, branched chains, and rings

43
Q

Which polysaccharides are used for storage?

A

Starch and glycogen

44
Q

Which polysaccharide is used for structure?

45
Q

What does having a low glycemic index mean

A

smaller rise in blood sugar following meals.

46
Q

What are some of the benefits of a low glycemic index diet?

A 
weight loss
improve sensitivity to insulin
help control diabetes
keep you feeling fuller longer
help prolong physical endurance
re-fuel carbohydrate stores after exerciese
47
Q

3 functions of lipids

A

store long term energy, form cell membranes, used as messengers in the body(hormones)

48
Q

what lipids are found in the body

A

triglycerides, phospholipids, steriods

49
Q

what are triglycerides made of

A

3 fatty acids and a glycerol

50
Q

what is lost when glycerol combines with fatty acids

51
Q

what are the types of fatty acids

A

saturates, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated

52
Q

what are properties of saturated fatty acids

A

every carbon atom has a hydrogen attached to it, no c=c double bonds

53
Q

what are properties of monounsaturated fatty acids

A

have 2 less hydrogens and only 1 c=c double bond

54
Q

what are the properties of polyunsaturated fatty acids

A

have the least number of hydrogens and many c=c double bonds

55
Q

fats are what at room temp

56
Q

fats are produced from what

A

mostly animals

57
Q

are fats saturated or unsaturated

58
Q

oils are what at room temp

59
Q

oils are made from what

60
Q

are oils saturated or unsaturated

A

unsaturated

61
Q

what are the functions of proteins

A

make up tissues and organs

62
Q

amino acids are what of protein

A

the building blocks of protein

63
Q

what 4 groups are amino acids made of

A

central carbon, r group, amine group, carboxyl group

64
Q

how many different r groups are there

65
Q

what is a polypeptide

A

a long chain of amino acids

66
Q

what type of bond is formed between amino acids

A

peptide bonds

67
Q

what is an enzyme

A

a protein that acts as a catalyst

68
Q

what are characteristics of enzymes

A

lower activation energy, are very specific, have active sites to allow for binding

69
Q

what are characteristics of nucleic acids

A

are the information molecules of the cell, also known as molecules of inheritance, make up genes, there are 2 types, DNA, RNA

70
Q

what are nucleic acids made from

A

monomers called nucleotides

71
Q

what are the 3 parts they are made of

A

phosphate group, nitrogen base, 5 carbon sugar

72
Q

Bad cholesterol (sticks to walls of arteries)

73
Q

Good Cholesterol (frees LDL and returns it to the blood stream)

74
Q

Polar molecules have oppositely charged ______?

75
Q

what is specific heat

A

water retains heat, it is slow to cool down, and slow to heat up

76
Q

water is the universal _____?

77
Q

what sharing does a nonpolar covalent bond have

A

equal sharing

78
Q

what sharing does a polar covalent bond have

A

unequal sharing

79
Q

Primary Structure

A

Sequence of a chain of amino acids (number and sequence)

80
Q

Secondary Structure

A

Sequence linked by hydrogen bonds, alpha helices and pleated sheets

81
Q

Tertiary Protein Structure

A

Occurs between attractions in R group

82
Q

Quaternary Structure

A

consists of more than one amino acid chain (folded over on itself)

Biology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions