Unit Test 2 Flashcards
Female anatomy/ menstrual cycle: cervix
Cervix: The small rounded end of the uterus that protrudes into the vaginal canal.
Female anatomy: Fimbria
Fimbria: Finger-like projections that extend from the fallopian tubes towards the ovaries. The fimbria move around the ovaries and reach out and draw eggs into the fallopian tubes, after they are released from the ovaries.
Female anatomy: Fallopian tubes
Fallopian Tubes: Two thin tubes 3-4 inches that extend from the uterus to the ovaries on each side of the body. The tubes are the passageways through which eggs travel on their way to the uterus.
Female anatomy: Ovaries
Ovaries: There are two ovaries located at the end of each fallopian tube. The ovaries can be ¾ to 1 ½ inches long oval structures. They produce both eggs and female hormones. Each month, one of the two ovaries releases a mature egg during a process called ovulation. Both ovaries produce two types of hormones: estrogen and progesterone. Both are necessary for female sexual maturation and reproductive processes.
Female anatomy: Eggs
Egg: Otherwise known as the “ovum”, the egg is released by the ovaries and travels into the fallopian tubes after ovulation. If it is to be fertilized by sperm, the fertilization usually must occur in the outer one third of these tubes. If fertilized, the egg moves next to the uterus and implants into the endometrium (uterine lining), where it will develop during the ensuing pregnancy.
Female anatomy: Vagina
Vagina: A tube that extends from the vaginal opening into the female body towards the uterus.
Female anatomy: Uterus
Uterus: A hollow, pear-shaped organ where the human fetus is nourished and develops during pregnancy.
Female anatomy: uterine lining
Uterine Lining: Before ovulation (near the middle of each menstrual cycle), the uterine lining grows in size. If a fertilized egg implants here, the lining provides nutrients to help support the fertilized egg development. If the egg is not fertilized, the lining sloughs off as menstrual bleeding occurs
Steps of conception
Also called fertilization, this is the moment a sperm penetrates an ovum.
Once fertilized, the ovum attaches to the wall of the uterus (where the lining of blood vessels and other tissue nourishes the developing child)
Menstruation will then stop for the duration of the pregnancy.
Only when a living ovum and living sperm are in the same place at the same time.
An ovum could potentially survive about 24-48 hours after being released from an ovary.
Sperm can survive for up to 5 days inside a female’s body.
Taking into account the lifespan of both an ovum and sperm, conception can typically occur anywhere from day 11-16 of a woman’s cycle.
Many factors can affect ovulation timing, so it is possible to get pregnant anywhere in a woman’s cycle
Determination of sex
XX = Female
XY = Male
Mother provides the X, father provides either the X or Y
(It is 50/50)
Dominant and recessive trait
Dominant: Brown eyes, normal vision, farsighted, dark hair, curly hair, full head of hair, dimples, unattached earlobes, freckles
Recessive: Grey, Green, Blue, nearsighted, night blindness, color blindness, blonde, red, straight hair, baldness, attached earlobes, no dimples, no freckles, thin lips
Prenatal Development
Early signs/symptoms of pregnancy
Missed menstrual period
Bloating or mild ache in lower abdomen
Feeling tired or faint
Discomfort or tenderness in breasts
Food cravings
Periods of nausea, especially early in the day
Development trimester one
How long? - week 1- week 13 (1-3 months)
Symptoms- Moodswings, morning sickness, tender breasts, weight gain
Baby growth- single fertilized cell (a zygote). After the embryo implants itself in your uterine wall, fetal development takes off, and the baby develops into a peach-sized bundle of growing limbs, organs, and body systems.
- Baby bones: sprouts arms, legs, and toes
- Hair nails: skins forms
- Digestive system: babys intestines form
- Sense of touch: develops touch receptors
Development from trimester two
How long?- week 14- week 27, months 4-6
- Symptoms- Congestion , mid swelling of ankles and feet, sensitive gums
- Baby growth- By week 18 of pregnancy, baby weighs about as much as a chicken breast, and can even yawn and hiccup.
- By around week 21 you should be able to feel your little gymnast’s newly coordinated arms and legs as they give you little jabs and kicks. By about week 23, your baby takes a cue from you and starts to pack on the pounds — and may even weigh double that amount by the next four weeks. At the end of your second trimester, you’ll have a 2-pound human in your belly!
