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KNPE 225 > Unit Test 2 > Flashcards

Unit Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

arterial blood pressure

A

PHI of pressure gradient for blood flow through all tissues

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2
Q

disturbance

A

alters ABP

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3
Q

control mechanisms

A

counteract disturbances to regulate ABP

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4
Q

compartment

A

circulatory system (continuous compartment)

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5
Q

why cant blood flow back to the heart?

A

the AORTIC VALVE

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6
Q

mass

A

volume of blood in the arteries

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7
Q

inflow

A

blood pumped by left ventricle into the aorta

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8
Q

outflow

A

flow of blood through arterioles into venous side of circulation in tissue

***many outflows, only one inflow

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9
Q

arteries

A

muscular, stiff-walled tubes
- conduits for oxygenated blood to body tissues

***NOT CONDUCTANCE

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10
Q

arterioles

A

site of vascular conductance for peripheral tissue blood flow
CONSTRICTION= less blood flow
DILATION= more blood flow

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11
Q

capillaries

A

site of blood - tissue exchange

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12
Q

venules

A

collects deoxygenated blood from capillaries
-thin-walled, compliant tubes- blood flow to large veins

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13
Q

veins

A

thin-walled, compliant tubes
- conduits for deoxygenated blood flow back to heart
- valves preventing reverse flow

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14
Q

where is pressure generated

A

LV of heart relative to ABP

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15
Q

regulated mass for outflow

A

PHI for outflow

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16
Q

regulated mass for inflow

A

PLO for inflow

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17
Q

pressure gradient

A

pressure in arterial compartment relative to pressure in venous compartment

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18
Q

what does regulation of ABP depend on?

A
  1. ability to alter the ventricular pressure gradient
  2. ability to alter the conductance for arterial outflow (vasoconstrict & vasodilate)
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19
Q

cardiac output

A

flow that only occurs during systole when ventricles contract

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20
Q

stroke volume

A

how much pressure the ventricles generate during a contraction
- arterial INFLOW during systole (flow out of LV after contraction)

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21
Q

heart rate

A

how often the ventricles generate pressure
- determines HOW OFTEN inflow occurs

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22
Q

peripheral blood flow

A

includes flow to all parts of the body
- OUTFLOW (many outflows)
- each tissue vascular bed = a site of arterial outflow

(Parterial - Pvenous) x TVC

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23
Q

vascular bed

A

arterioles, capillaries, venules

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24
Q

central circulation

A

heart and central venous compartment from which blood flows into heart occurs & aorta where blood flows from the heart

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25
Q

peripheral circulation

A

vascular beds

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26
Q

total peripheral blood flow

A

sum of all the OUTFLOWS

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27
Q

controlling PBF and regulating ABP

A

when there is vasoconstriction in one vascular bed, there can be vasodilation in another

28
Q

frank-starling mechanism

A

more i fill ventricles or stretch heart muscles, the more cross bridges formed , therefore more force and contraction (pressure)

29
Q

venous return

A

inflow for right atrium

30
Q

volume creates…

A

pressure

31
Q

pressure create…

A

flow

32
Q

vagus nerve

A

parasympathetic
- rest & digest

33
Q

sympathetic cardiac nerve

A

sympathetic
- make heart muscles contract more forcefully because it directly affects smooth muscle
- fight or flight

34
Q

receptor mediated signalling

A

gives a cell a command so it responds appropriately
1. signalling molecule (hormones, neurotransmitters, neurohormones)
2. receptor protein
3. intracellular signal molecules
4. target protein(s)
5. response

35
Q

Ca2+

A

increases muscle contraction strength so more Ca2+ = more force of contraction and flow

36
Q

what is heart rate determined by?

A

pacemaker cells of the SA node

37
Q

sympathetic nerve activity

A

speeds up depolarization
(less time between APs)

38
Q

parasympathetic nerve activity

A

slows down depolarization
(more time between APs)

39
Q

end-diastolic volume

A

how much the heart has filled
- if EDV is higher, SV is higher

40
Q

how does EDV increase

A
  1. higher atrial pressure means blood flows into ventricle faster so there is more ventricular filling and increased EDV
  2. decrease peripheral venous volume, increase RA volume, increase RA pressure which increases EDV
41
Q

muscle pump

A

compresses veins to increase pressure so flow goes back to the heart
- increases EDV

42
Q

sympathetic venoconstriction

A

constricts veins to increase pressure so flow goes back to the heart
- increases EDV

43
Q

signalling molecule

A

bind a receptor protein on a cell which triggers a cascade of intracellular signal molecules

44
Q

target proteins

A

carries out the desired response for cell to be effected

45
Q

what happens when there is more Ca2+ in the cell?

A

stronger contraction occurs

46
Q

control of HR

A

centred in changing time between pacemaker cell action potentials

47
Q

what happens if we decrease parasympathetic nerve activity

A

HR would increase cause we still have sympathetic activity working to accelerate HR

48
Q

vasomotor control

A

control of constriction and dilation of arteries

49
Q

conductance for PBF

A

cross-sectional area of all arterioles summed

50
Q

total vascular conductance

A

all vascular beds
- control that changes outflow

51
Q

left ventricle

A

where pressure is created
- control that changes inflow

52
Q

constricting vs. dilating arterioles

A

constricting = decrease conductance for flow
dilating = increase conductance for flow

53
Q

what happens when we increase sympathetic nerve firing

A

increase norepinephrine release which cause arterioles to constrict

54
Q

what happens when we decrease sympathetic nerve firing

A

decrease norepinephrine release which cause arterioles to dilate

55
Q

how is smooth muscle contraction controlled

A

by balancing inflow and outflow for MLC production via sympathetic nerve firing ACTIVE

56
Q

sensor

A

arterial baroreceptors (aorta & carotid activity)

57
Q

afferent pathway

A

vagal (aortic BR) & glossopharyngeal (carotid BR) afferents

58
Q

integrator

A

medullary controller

59
Q

efferent pathway

A

sympathetic & vagal (parasympathetic) efferent nerves

60
Q

effector

A

systemic resistance (arterioles) & systemic capacitance (veins) vessels

61
Q

increasing BR…

A

increases dilation of arterioles

62
Q

decreasing BR…

A

increases constriction of arteries

63
Q

what happens to flow if pressure drops?

A

flow decreases

64
Q

systole

A

heart contracts

65
Q

diastole

A

heart relaxes (ventricular filling)

KNPE 225 (2 decks)

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