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KNPE 225 > Unit Test 2 > Flashcards

Unit Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

arterial blood pressure

A

PHI of pressure gradient for blood flow through all tissues

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2
Q

disturbance

A

alters ABP

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3
Q

control mechanisms

A

counteract disturbances to regulate ABP

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4
Q

compartment

A

circulatory system (continuous compartment)

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5
Q

why cant blood flow back to the heart?

A

the AORTIC VALVE

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6
Q

mass

A

volume of blood in the arteries

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7
Q

inflow

A

blood pumped by left ventricle into the aorta

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8
Q

outflow

A

flow of blood through arterioles into venous side of circulation in tissue

***many outflows, only one inflow

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9
Q

arteries

A

muscular, stiff-walled tubes
- conduits for oxygenated blood to body tissues

***NOT CONDUCTANCE

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10
Q

arterioles

A

site of vascular conductance for peripheral tissue blood flow
CONSTRICTION= less blood flow
DILATION= more blood flow

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11
Q

capillaries

A

site of blood - tissue exchange

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12
Q

venules

A

collects deoxygenated blood from capillaries
-thin-walled, compliant tubes- blood flow to large veins

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13
Q

veins

A

thin-walled, compliant tubes
- conduits for deoxygenated blood flow back to heart
- valves preventing reverse flow

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14
Q

where is pressure generated

A

LV of heart relative to ABP

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15
Q

regulated mass for outflow

A

PHI for outflow

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16
Q

regulated mass for inflow

A

PLO for inflow

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17
Q

pressure gradient

A

pressure in arterial compartment relative to pressure in venous compartment

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18
Q

what does regulation of ABP depend on?

A
  1. ability to alter the ventricular pressure gradient
  2. ability to alter the conductance for arterial outflow (vasoconstrict & vasodilate)
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19
Q

cardiac output

A

flow that only occurs during systole when ventricles contract

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20
Q

stroke volume

A

how much pressure the ventricles generate during a contraction
- arterial INFLOW during systole (flow out of LV after contraction)

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21
Q

heart rate

A

how often the ventricles generate pressure
- determines HOW OFTEN inflow occurs

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22
Q

peripheral blood flow

A

includes flow to all parts of the body
- OUTFLOW (many outflows)
- each tissue vascular bed = a site of arterial outflow

(Parterial - Pvenous) x TVC

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23
Q

vascular bed

A

arterioles, capillaries, venules

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24
Q

central circulation

A

heart and central venous compartment from which blood flows into heart occurs & aorta where blood flows from the heart

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25
peripheral circulation
vascular beds
26
total peripheral blood flow
sum of all the OUTFLOWS
27
controlling PBF and regulating ABP
when there is vasoconstriction in one vascular bed, there can be vasodilation in another
28
frank-starling mechanism
more i fill ventricles or stretch heart muscles, the more cross bridges formed , therefore more force and contraction (pressure)
29
venous return
inflow for right atrium
30
volume creates...
pressure
31
pressure create...
flow
32
vagus nerve
parasympathetic - rest & digest
33
sympathetic cardiac nerve
sympathetic - make heart muscles contract more forcefully because it directly affects smooth muscle - fight or flight
34
receptor mediated signalling
gives a cell a command so it responds appropriately 1. signalling molecule (hormones, neurotransmitters, neurohormones) 2. receptor protein 3. intracellular signal molecules 4. target protein(s) 5. response
35
Ca2+
increases muscle contraction strength so more Ca2+ = more force of contraction and flow
36
what is heart rate determined by?
pacemaker cells of the SA node
37
sympathetic nerve activity
speeds up depolarization (less time between APs)
38
parasympathetic nerve activity
slows down depolarization (more time between APs)
39
end-diastolic volume
how much the heart has filled - if EDV is higher, SV is higher
40
how does EDV increase
1. higher atrial pressure means blood flows into ventricle faster so there is more ventricular filling and increased EDV 2. decrease peripheral venous volume, increase RA volume, increase RA pressure which increases EDV
41
muscle pump
compresses veins to increase pressure so flow goes back to the heart - increases EDV
42
sympathetic venoconstriction
constricts veins to increase pressure so flow goes back to the heart - increases EDV
43
signalling molecule
bind a receptor protein on a cell which triggers a cascade of intracellular signal molecules
44
target proteins
carries out the desired response for cell to be effected
45
what happens when there is more Ca2+ in the cell?
stronger contraction occurs
46
control of HR
centred in changing time between pacemaker cell action potentials
47
what happens if we decrease parasympathetic nerve activity
HR would increase cause we still have sympathetic activity working to accelerate HR
48
vasomotor control
control of constriction and dilation of arteries
49
conductance for PBF
cross-sectional area of all arterioles summed
50
total vascular conductance
all vascular beds - control that changes outflow
51
left ventricle
where pressure is created - control that changes inflow
52
constricting vs. dilating arterioles
constricting = decrease conductance for flow dilating = increase conductance for flow
53
what happens when we increase sympathetic nerve firing
increase norepinephrine release which cause arterioles to constrict
54
what happens when we decrease sympathetic nerve firing
decrease norepinephrine release which cause arterioles to dilate
55
how is smooth muscle contraction controlled
by balancing inflow and outflow for MLC production via sympathetic nerve firing ACTIVE
56
sensor
arterial baroreceptors (aorta & carotid activity)
57
afferent pathway
vagal (aortic BR) & glossopharyngeal (carotid BR) afferents
58
integrator
medullary controller
59
efferent pathway
sympathetic & vagal (parasympathetic) efferent nerves
60
effector
systemic resistance (arterioles) & systemic capacitance (veins) vessels
61
increasing BR...
increases dilation of arterioles
62
decreasing BR...
increases constriction of arteries
63
what happens to flow if pressure drops?
flow decreases
64
systole
heart contracts
65
diastole
heart relaxes (ventricular filling)

KNPE 225 (2 decks)

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