Unit Test 1 - Cell Structures, Paramecium, Features of Life Flashcards
What are the features of life? (MR. H. GREN)
Metabolism Response Homeostasis Growth Reproduction Excretion Nutrition
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum main function
main function is to synthesise proteins by the ribosomes; it modifies proteins transport them into the Golgi apparatus
(flat sacs of membrane enclosing fluid liquid filled space, outer surface has ribosomes)
Ribosome (80S) main function
to synthesise proteins; they are constructed in the nucleolus (within nucleus)
(attached to RER or free in in cytoplasm - made of protein and RNA)
Lysosome main function
contains enzymes for destroying worn out parts of cells and for digesting food particles
(fluid filled with enzymes closed in membrane)
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum main function
Like RER but no ribosomes on outer surface. Makes triglycerides (fats) phospholipids, cholesterol.
(flat sacs of membrane enclosing fluid-filled space)
Golgi apparatus main function
modifies proteins by e.g adding carbs, packages proteins into into vesicles for secretion, makes lysosomes
(pile of flat sacs with vesicles around the edge)
Mitochondrion main function
sites of aerobic respiration, they have DNA and ribosomes can make some of the proteins they use
(two membranes surrounding a fluid filled matrix, inner membrane is highly folded to give bigger surface area for enzymes and respiration)
Chloroplast’s main function
site of all the reactions of photosynthesis
many internal membranes giving large surface area for chlorophyll, other pigments, and enzymes of photosynthesis
Single Plasma Membrane w/ Lipid bilayer main function
controls entry and exit of materials and retains cell contents
Nucleus main function
contains genetic information as DNA in chromosomes
clearly visible when stained
Nuclear envelope main function
separates nucleus from cytoplasm
(structure with ribosomes on outer has Nuclear PORES to allow to allow substances to pass between nucleus and cytoplasm)
Nucleolus main function
produces ribosomes
stians dark in Nucleus
Cilia main function
move fluid or mucus past cells; move eggs along the Fallopian tube
(extends form cell surface, made of microtubules, is surrounded by the cells plasma membrane)
Cell wall main function
withstands pressure of contents of cells
plants: cellulose, fungi: chitin
Plant large vacuole main function
important for structural support/turgidity and maintains homeostasis through osmosis
(very large, filled with cell sap, takes up 80% or more space in the cell)
Centrioles main function
duplicate during cell division (mitosis) and produce fibres
made of microtubules
What type of structure do eukaryotes have?
Eukaryotes have a compartmentalized cell structure.
What has the evolution of multicellular organisms allowed?
The evolution of multicellular organisms allowed cell specialisation and cell replacement
Paramecium: Anal Pore
ejects waste after nutrients are absorbed in the cytoplasm
-Excretion
Paramecium: Oral Groove
directs nutrients to the oral cavity
-Nutrition
Paramecium: contractile vacuole
removes and absorbs water when required
-Homeostasis
Paramecium: cilia
pushes food to oral cavity
- Response
- Nutrition
Paramecium: Trichocyst
responds to stimuli, ejects threads
-Response
Paramecium: Macronucleus
controls cell functions that are non-reproductive
- Metabolism
- Response
- Homeostasis
- Growth
- Excretion
- Nutrition
Paramecium: lysosomes
break down cell parts or destroy viruses / bacteria
- Response
- Homeostasis
Paramecium: food vacuoles
contains digestive enzymes to pass food into he cytoplasms
- Metabolism
- Nutrition
Flagellum function
found to move individual cells e.g. sperm.
extends form cell surface, made of microtubules, and is surrounded by the cells plasma membrane
paramecium: micronucleus function
responsible for genetic reorganisation
-Reproduction
SIZES
metre (m)
👉🏼x100
centimetre (cm)
👉🏼x10
millimetre (mm)
👉🏼x1000
micrometre (um)
👉🏼x1000
nanometre (nm)
What does the paramecium do each of these? Metabolism Response Homeostasis Growth Reproduction Excretion Nutrition
Metabolism: most metabolic pathways happen in the cytoplasm
Response: the wava action of the the cilia moves the paramecium in response to changes in the environment e.g: towards food.
Homeostasis: contractile vacuole fill up with water and expel it through the plasma maenbrane to manage water content
Growth:
after consuming and assimilating biomass from food the paramecium will get larger until it divides
Reproduction: the nucleus can divide to support cell division by mitosis.reproduction is asexual
Excretion: the plasma memebrane control the entry and exit of metabolic waste
Nutrition: food vacuoles contain organsism the paramecium contains
