Unit Test 1 - Cell Structures, Paramecium, Features of Life

Question 1

What are the features of life? (MR. H. GREN)

Answer 1

Metabolism
Response
Homeostasis
Growth 
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 2

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum main function

Answer 2

main function is to synthesise proteins by the ribosomes; it modifies proteins transport them into the Golgi apparatus

(flat sacs of membrane enclosing fluid liquid filled space, outer surface has ribosomes)

Question 3

Ribosome (80S) main function

Answer 3

to synthesise proteins; they are constructed in the nucleolus (within nucleus)

(attached to RER or free in in cytoplasm - made of protein and RNA)

Question 4

Lysosome main function

Answer 4

contains enzymes for destroying worn out parts of cells and for digesting food particles

(fluid filled with enzymes closed in membrane)

Question 5

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum main function

Answer 5

Like RER but no ribosomes on outer surface. Makes triglycerides (fats) phospholipids, cholesterol.

(flat sacs of membrane enclosing fluid-filled space)

Question 6

Golgi apparatus main function

Answer 6

modifies proteins by e.g adding carbs, packages proteins into into vesicles for secretion, makes lysosomes

(pile of flat sacs with vesicles around the edge)

Question 7

Mitochondrion main function

Answer 7

sites of aerobic respiration, they have DNA and ribosomes can make some of the proteins they use

(two membranes surrounding a fluid filled matrix, inner membrane is highly folded to give bigger surface area for enzymes and respiration)

Question 8

Chloroplast’s main function

Answer 8

site of all the reactions of photosynthesis

many internal membranes giving large surface area for chlorophyll, other pigments, and enzymes of photosynthesis

Question 9

Single Plasma Membrane w/ Lipid bilayer main function

Answer 9

controls entry and exit of materials and retains cell contents

Question 10

Nucleus main function

Answer 10

contains genetic information as DNA in chromosomes

clearly visible when stained

Question 11

Nuclear envelope main function

Answer 11

separates nucleus from cytoplasm

(structure with ribosomes on outer has Nuclear PORES to allow to allow substances to pass between nucleus and cytoplasm)

Question 12

Nucleolus main function

Answer 12

produces ribosomes

stians dark in Nucleus

Question 13

Cilia main function

Answer 13

move fluid or mucus past cells; move eggs along the Fallopian tube

(extends form cell surface, made of microtubules, is surrounded by the cells plasma membrane)

Question 14

Cell wall main function

Answer 14

withstands pressure of contents of cells

plants: cellulose, fungi: chitin

Question 15

Plant large vacuole main function

Answer 15

important for structural support/turgidity and maintains homeostasis through osmosis

(very large, filled with cell sap, takes up 80% or more space in the cell)

Question 16

Centrioles main function

Answer 16

duplicate during cell division (mitosis) and produce fibres

made of microtubules

Question 17

What type of structure do eukaryotes have?

Answer 17

Eukaryotes have a compartmentalized cell structure.

Question 18

What has the evolution of multicellular organisms allowed?

Answer 18

The evolution of multicellular organisms allowed cell specialisation and cell replacement

Question 19

Paramecium: Anal Pore

Answer 19

ejects waste after nutrients are absorbed in the cytoplasm

-Excretion

Question 20

Paramecium: Oral Groove

Answer 20

directs nutrients to the oral cavity

-Nutrition

Question 21

Paramecium: contractile vacuole

Answer 21

removes and absorbs water when required

-Homeostasis

Question 22

Paramecium: cilia

Answer 22

pushes food to oral cavity

• Response
• Nutrition

Question 23

Paramecium: Trichocyst

Answer 23

responds to stimuli, ejects threads

-Response

Question 24

Paramecium: Macronucleus

Answer 24

controls cell functions that are non-reproductive

• Metabolism
• Response
• Homeostasis
• Growth
• Excretion
• Nutrition

Question 25

Paramecium: lysosomes

Answer 25

break down cell parts or destroy viruses / bacteria - Response - Homeostasis

Question 26

Paramecium: food vacuoles

Answer 26

contains digestive enzymes to pass food into he cytoplasms - Metabolism - Nutrition

Question 27

Flagellum function

Answer 27

found to move individual cells e.g. sperm. | extends form cell surface, made of microtubules, and is surrounded by the cells plasma membrane

Question 28

paramecium: micronucleus function

Answer 28

responsible for genetic reorganisation | -Reproduction

Question 29

SIZES

Answer 29

**metre** (m) 👉🏼x100 **centimetre** (cm) 👉🏼x10 **millimetre** (mm) 👉🏼x1000 **micrometre** (um) 👉🏼x1000 **nanometre** (nm)

Question 30

``` What does the paramecium do each of these? Metabolism Response Homeostasis Growth Reproduction Excretion Nutrition ```

Answer 30

Metabolism: most metabolic pathways happen in the cytoplasm Response: the wava action of the the cilia moves the paramecium in response to changes in the environment e.g: towards food. Homeostasis: contractile vacuole fill up with water and expel it through the plasma maenbrane to manage water content Growth: after consuming and assimilating biomass from food the paramecium will get larger until it divides Reproduction: the nucleus can divide to support cell division by mitosis.reproduction is asexual Excretion: the plasma memebrane control the entry and exit of metabolic waste Nutrition: food vacuoles contain organsism the paramecium contains