S1 - Biological Molecules Flashcards
What are proteins composed of?
Proteins are composed of long chains of amino acids
What is the primary structure of a protein.
The primary structure of a protein is determined by the order of its amino acids, this determines its function.
How are amino acids chained to each other?
Chains of amino acids are held together by strong peptide bonds.
What type of bond holds together the secondary structure of a protein?
Weak forces of chemical attraction, hydrogen bonds, hold together the secondary structure of a protein.
What type of bonds holds together the tertiary structure of a protein?
Weak chemical bonds and stronger bonds, hydrogen & disulphide bonds, hold together the ball-like tertiary structure of a protein.
What are polymers?
Polymers are large molecules made up of smaller ‘monomer’ units.
Where is starch found?
Starch is only found in plant cells.
What 3 elements are carbohydrates composed of?
Carbohydrates are composed of: carbon, hydrogen & oxygen.
When are disaccharides formed?
Disaccharides are formed when 2 monosaccharides are joined through a condensation reaction, a molecule of water is formed too.
State 2 monosaccharides.
Fructose & glucose are monosaccharides.
Which disaccharide is composed of 2 molecules of glucose?
Maltose is composed of 2 molecules of glucose.
State 2 polysaccharides.
Cellulose & starch are types of polysaccharides.
