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Social 20-1 > Unit Six > Flashcards

Unit Six Flashcards

1
Q

What is a responsible government?

A

a government responsible/accountable to the people that elects it

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2
Q

What did the “Act of Union” do?

A

It united British colonies of upper and lower Canada

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3
Q

What did the French Canadians of lower Canada want?

A

More control of education and spending of revenue generated in lower Canada

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4
Q

What did upper Canada want?

A

decrease the control of the English church and have more influence in government

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5
Q

What did Robert Baldwin do?

A

he encouraged Lord Durham ( a representative of the British government) to recommend a responsible government to teh British.

Later on he also allowed Louis La Fontaine to run and be elected in York when la Fontaine was forced to not run.

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6
Q

Why did Baldwin let LaFotaine run and be elected?

A
  • to promote the idea of biculturalism
  • they ended in a partnership in Parliament and worked for responsible government
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7
Q

What were internal factors of confederation?

A
  • loss of free trade with the US
  • political deadlock between Upper and Lower Canada
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8
Q

What were external factors of confederation?

A
  • Manifest destiny; American ideology that US should expand across the North American continent
  • war of 1812
  • the American civil war
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9
Q

What are issues relating to Canada’s evolution?

A
  • expansion
  • population
  • transportation
  • economics
  • internationalism
  • Canadian sovereignty
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10
Q

How have immigrants changed Canada?

A

Chagned the Canadian identity to a multicultural one

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11
Q

How have Francophones changed Canada?

A

demands for French rights and independence for Quebec, developed separate identity and nationalism

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12
Q

How have Aboriginal people changed Canada?

A

relationship changed from paternalistic to self-government

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13
Q

How have women changed Canada?

A

Struggle for equality and recognition changed many aspects for the nation

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14
Q

What is federalism?

A
  • system that divide the power to make laws between a central or federal government and a number of provincial and territorial legislatures
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15
Q

What does federal government do?

A

Deal with matters concerning the entire country (ex. taxes, health care)

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16
Q

What do provincial/territorial governments do?

A

Deal with matters concerning their particular parts of the country (ex. taxes, hospital)

17
Q

What problems did Quebec have with provincial autonomy (independence)?

A

desired provincial autonomy to preserve the French culture and struggles against how Federalism unite sit with the other regions

18
Q

What problems did other provinces have with provincial autonomy (independence)?

A

struggle with control of tax revenue, health care, natural resources

19
Q

What is NEP?

A

National Energy Program
- attempt to fix energy and economic crisis of 1970s (oil producing nations formed OPEC and raised the world price of oil)
- NEP was an attempt to redistribute tax revenue from the oil industry in Canada and protect Canadians from high cost oil
- resulted in western Canada alienation and still has issues

20
Q

What is the trans mountain pipeline?

A
  • bought to try to revive the project of transporting oil through BC to the US
  • proposed by oil producers and approved by the government to expand capacity and reach new markets abroad
21
Q

What was the Constitutional Amendment Proclamation?

A
  • first ever change to the original constitution
  • made after Aboriginal groups lobbied for their rights to be more clearly enshrined in the constitution
22
Q

What is the First Nations’ self-government described as?

A
  • continue to interact with neighbouring communities
  • constitution and charter of rights and freedoms still apply to FN governments
  • provincial and federal laws still followed
  • First nations’ municipal, provincial, federal governments are equals
  • receive same services and opportunities as other Canadians
  • FN practices and institutions key part of their governments
  • create laws and services that directly meet the needs of their citizens, outside bodies cannot determine what is best
  • cultures are preserved and a source of pride to First Nations people
23
Q

Why was the creation of Nunavut important?

A

The dream of a self-governing Inuit government came true

24
Q

What did the First Nations children have to do at Residential schools?

A

they were:
- forbidden to speak their own language/practice their own religion
- punished for speaking aboriginal languages
- had to dress and behave like non-aboriginals
- received job training only for basic service tasks in non-aboriginal communities (traditional survival skills lost)

25
Q

What apologies were made to the First Nations?

A
  • 2008 Steven Harper apologised formally in the House of Commons
  • 2019 Justin Trudeau apologised for how the federal government managed tuberculosis in the Arctic
26
Q

Why did Women use to not have rights?

A
  • before confederation you had to be white, male, and own property to vote
  • the BNA act established women as not persons in rights and privileges
  • argued women voting threatened families
27
Q

What was the persons case?

A
  • because of the BNA act Emily Murphy wasn’t allowed to be appointed to the federal senate
  • she decided to purse the appeal process to supreme court
  • court declared women non-people though
28
Q

How did women gain rights?

A
  • the famous five approached the prime minister, who helped them get to the British Privy Council (British were the only ones who could decide on legal constitutional changes back then)
  • the British Privy Council declared women as persons
29
Q

What are some current days inequalities for women?

A
  • different wages
  • prejudice and attitudes limiting the jobs they apply to
  • numbers in high government authority or administration
30
Q

What was the Meech Lake Accord?

A
  • failed to get Quebec to formally agree to the new constitution
  • compromised; accord would recognise Quebec as a distinct society
  • needed unanimous approval of provinces, didn’t end up passing
31
Q

What was the Charlottetown Accord?

A
  • failure of Meech Lake seen as a failure to openly discuss constitutional reform with the people of Canada and to include the First nations, came to an agreement which was the Charlottetown Accord
32
Q

What were terms in the Charlottetown Accord?

A
  • constitutional changes would focus on greater provincial control over most natural resources, funding provinces who wanted to develop their own programs normally funded by federal grants and allow the federal government to prevent legislation that violated national guidelines
  • Aboriginal self-government would take effect 3 years after the Accord’s approval and increase Aboriginal representation in Parliament
  • a “Canada Clause” outlining Canadian values would be made
  • the number of seats in the House of Commons would increase, Quebec gain 25%
  • formal acknowledgement of a consultative process that included aboriginal leaders
  • a “Triple E-Senate” would be created
33
Q

What are factors of Canada’s political identity?

A
  • a bilingual nation
  • not trying to expand beyond borders
  • society of people determined to survive and be successful
  • ongoing immigration always adjusting Canadian identity
  • official policy of multiculturalism affects national identity
  • shares border with the US
  • second largest ecountry by land mass in the world
34
Q

What is peacekeeping?

A

Right after an armed conflict has ended, soldiers from other countries are placed between the aggressive groups to observe and maintain the peace process (mainly done by UN)

35
Q

What is peacemaking?

A

prevent armed conflict through diplomacy

36
Q

What is NATO?

A

Military alliance of US, Canada, and Western European nations
- more joined or want to join after the break up of the Soviet Union

37
Q

What are benefits of NATO membership?

A
  • shared defence costs
  • collective security
  • chance of conflict less likely
38
Q

What is the Kyoto protocol?

A
  • called for big cuts to emissions by 2012
  • critics said it would be a financial strain
  • repealed 2012, argued not many countries were set to reach teh goal
39
Q

What is the Paris Agreement?

A

Made with the goal to keep global temperatures from rising this century to well below 2 degrees Celsius

Social 20-1 (7 decks)

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