Unit Reviews Flashcards
Which basic need is most important?
Safety and Security
A person has a garden behind the nursing center. This relates to
Self-Actualization
What encourages safety and security needs?
Handle gently, demonstrate hospitality, helping resident accept facility as a home
Psychosocial loss
Loss of companion, job loss, loss of senses.
What do you do when someone has a bloody nose
Pinch soft part of nose for 5-10 minutes and have them lean forward slightly
What happens when someone is in shock?
CNA starts CPR if there’s no DNR
CNA checks vitals and follows nurse orders
Skin may be cool and clammy, pale or gray
What symptoms accompany a change in conciousness?
Dizziness, difficulty swallowing, slurred speech, sudden weakness
When a resident falls, what do you do?
Reassure resident
Perform only what you’ve been trained to do
Keep person as you’ve found them
The recovery position, or turning a resident on their side, is used…
When a person is breathing and has a pulse, but is not responsive
It helps keep airway open
It prevents aspirations
If a person is having a seizure, you should
Move furniture, equipment and sharp objects away from the person
If a person says they feel faint, what do you do?
Have them sit or lie down before they faint
When giving abdominal thrusts, the correct procedure is to..
Make a fist, place the thumb side against abdomen, and quickly thrust inward and upward
A resident is arriving on a stretcher, what kind of bed do you make?
An open bed
During admission, a resident complaints of pain. When do you report it?
Immediately
Who explains resident rights (obra87) to resident and family?
Social services
What emotions do families and residents usually experience during admission?
Guilt, anger, confusion
What are alternatives to restraints?
Anticipation of needs
Security devices
Bed positions
Examples of restraints:
Some medicine
Bedrails
Geri-chairs
If a personis receiving oxygen, it’s important to…
Check for pressure or skin damage where the tubing presses on skin
Know the flow rate
Provide oral care
What happens when heat is applied to the skin?
Blood vessels in the area dilate causing more blood to circulate the tissue
When a cold application is applied, the numbing effect helps to…
Reduce or relieve pain
When applying elastic stocking (ted hose), you should have the person
Lie in supine position
When collecting specimen, what do you do?
Use a clean container for each specimen
When a stool specimen, ask the person to…
Urinate in the toilet and connect the stool in the specimen pan
You need to check anti-embolism stocking to make sure they are smooth and completely extended without wrinkles
True
When collecting urine specimens:
Keep toilet paper and feces out of sample
Provide peri-care for female before sample
Males may use urinals or specimen collection pan
Cognitive function relates to…
Judgment and behavior
Ability to understand
Thinking and reasoning
Resident exhibits behaviors such as deep sadness, lack of interest in activities, altered appetite, and slowed functioning. These are signs of what?
Depression
A person is confused, care plan interventions might include:
Use touch to communicate
Give clear, simple directions
Open drapes during the day
What is a delusion?
A false belief
These are common in persons with alzheimer’s disease (AD)
Los of impulse control and loss of ability to communicate
Memory loss, poor judgment, sleep disturbance
Wandering, delusions, hallucinations
What is sundowning?
Behavior becomes worse in the late afternoon and evening hours
How can you help residents with AD complete ADLs?
Use redirection or distraction to de-escalate the situation
Following routines or patterns that resident is used to
Observe for early signs of frustration and use nonthreatening communication
Can dementia be reversible
Yes
Resident is an elopement risk. What do you do?
Make sure door alarms are set
Know where resident is at all times
Provide entertainment cues to help the resident locate things such as their room or toilet
What causes a pressure ulcer (or bed sore)?
Skin and underlying tissue is damaged by pressure, or pressure and friction
A person’s right side is weak. You move the signal life to the left side. You have promoted quality of life by
Providing for safety
How do you prevent skin breakdown?
Provide routine skin care in folds and creases
Restorative care stresses preventing further disability and focuses on what the resident CAN do
True
Complications of bedrest include
Muscle atrophy
Orthostatic hypotension and syncope
Contractures in fingers, wrists, knees and hips
Complications can be prevented by making sure the person is in ____ alignment, is turned and ____ and has ROM _____
Good, repositioned, exercises
Can a CNA be asked to administer or assist an enema?
Yes
When cleaning the skin around a stoma, you
More that cleaning and drying the skin is an important measure to prevent infection
Use guaze pads or washcloths and water and soap or cleansing agents as delegated by may be asked to use skin barriers or protectants
When bowel training is planned, what needs to be included in care plan?
The usual tone the resident has a BM
The absence of bm or stool that is hard, dry and difficult to expel is what?
Constipation
What do you do when a resident has a bm that is unusual?
Ask nurse to observe it
When you empty a drainage bag, you
Maintain sterility of system by carefully handling bag and spout
Open clamp on drain and let urine drain into graduate
Observe for abnormalities
When a person receives nutrition through a tube, frequent mouth care is needed because it
Prevents dry mouth, dry lips and sore throat
In the stage of denial, what do people do?
Refuse to believe they are dying
A person usually tries to gain more tone during the stage of
Bargaining
When caring for a dying person, CNA should assume
The resident can hear everything spoken, even if unresponsive
As death bears, the last sense lost is what?
Hearing
A dying person’s care includes
Position change
Eye care
Mouth care
A DNR order was written. This means
Cpr will not be performed
CNA may be asked to perform mortem care
True
When death is approaching, cna should report
When a resident sees or hears things that are not present
When skin has mottled appearance
Loss of ability to swallow
Pain is
Personal for each person
A warning sign from body
Helps to make a diagnosis
What is considered the 5th vital sign?
Pain
A person complains of pain, you should
Ask them to describe the pain
To point to the pain
And tell when pain started
Pain may cause
Sleep deprivation
Poor nutrition
Measures to relieve pain
Massage
Distraction
Repositioning
Sexuality is important to who?
Persons of all ages.
Factors affecting sexuality among the elderly:
Society
Privacy issues in care homes
Physical changes
True or False: reproductive organs change with aging.
True
Mr. and Mrs. Green live in a nursing center. What promotes their sexuality?
Allow them privacy
Accept their relationship
Allow normal grooming routines
Mr. and Mrs. Green want some alone time, what do you do?
Place a ‘do not disturb’ sign on the door
Tell other staff to give them privacy
Close the door
True or false. Residents have a right to masturbate without critical comments from staff.
True
A person starts masturbating in the cafeteria, what do you do?
Provide privacy
Tell the nurse
Cover the person and quietly take to their room
A person touches you sexually and asks for a kiss. What do you do?
Report behavior to nurse
Distract and redirect the resident
Firmly and calmly tell them the behavior is inappropriate
Aging does what?
Results in functional decline
Skin changes occur with aging. How do you care for skin?
Provide warmth because of decreased subcutaneous fat
Apply lotion because skin is drier
Provide good skin care to protect from damage
Aging causes what kind of changes in the musculoskeletal system?
Joints become still and painful
Bones become brittle and can break easily
Falls occur more often
What disease causes progressive destruction of the brain area that controls muscle movement?
Parkinson’s
Geniourinary changes include what
Inability to control urine and bm
An older person with blood vessel damage is at risk for:
Nerve damage
Slow tissue healing
Skin breakdown
True or false. For diabetics, behavior changes may indicate that the blood glucose is out of normal range.
True
If a man has BPH, he could complain of what?
Dribbling urine after urinating
Responsibility for caring for someone with cancer?
Skin care
Comfort
Nutrition
Who spends more time with a resident than any other staff member?
CNA
What do you do when a person can no longer move a body part?
Report to the nurse immediately
Information about a care plan
Care plan is made with resident and family
Care plan is required to receive medicare
Care plan is required by OBRA87
4 steps to a care plan?
- Assessment
- Planning
- Implementation
- Evaluation
When taking the blood pressure, the diastolic pressure is what?
The lower number of the BP reading
What pulse sight is most commonly used?
Radial (wrist)
When taking the blood pressure, the systolic pressure is what?
Where the first sound is heard after release
T, P, R
Temperature, pulse, respiration
How many types of bedpans are there?
Two
Intake and Output
I&O is used to make a diagnosis
I&O helps evaluate a medical treatment
Accurate information is vital
Some issues of urinary incontinence are
Increased risk of skin breakdown
May require toileting program
Resident embarrassment
When doing perineal care after incontinence, what should the CNA do?
Cleanse the skin with mild soap and check for skin breakdown
Emesis / Vomit is considered what?
Output
Food is moved through the GI tract by what?
Peristalsis
A person may be given a mechanical soft diet because…
The person has problems chewing
How can you encourage a person to intake fluids?
Keep water pitcher near them and full
Provide lots of toileting opportunities
Reminding resident to take a drink every time they are in room
If a person has a ‘restricted fluid’ order, you should..
Only give fluids as plan states
True or false. Hygiene is needed for comfort, safety and health.
True
When giving any type of bath or shower, a CNA must do what?
Observe skin and overall condition
When cleaning dentures in a sink, what do you do?
Line the sink with a washcloth to prevent damage if dropped
When giving perineal care to a male, you
Retract the foreskin if he is uncircumcised
A person is nicked during shaving. Your first action is?
Apply direct pressure
A safe setting means what?
A person has low risks of illness or injury
Examples of sensory impairment?
Inability to smell propane leak
Diminished sense of touch and temperature
Altered vision
To help prevent falls, the CNA must?
Make sure resident has non-slip shoes and that clothing is not dragging on the floor
Oxygen safety:
Observe oxygen flow rate
Secure oxygen tank so it doesn’t fall
Posting safety signs outside the room
What do you do with malfunctioning equipment?
Remove it from the room immediately
Safety measures include, but are not limited to:
Knowing what to do if there is a tornado
Preventing elopement
Preventing falls and injuries
Burns can be caused by what?
Smoking
Spilling hot liquid
Very hot bath
Actions to provide environmental comfort:
Adjust lighting for day and night safety and prevent glaring
Adjust temperature for personal difference
Provide ventilation according to resident preferences
What protects the resident in their room?
Having bed at lowest setting
Keeping frequently used items within reach
Scanning resident’s room for safety issues
True or false. Wrinkles can cause pressure ulcers.
True
Daily maintenance of resident’s living space includes:
Scanning room for safety issues when entering and leaving room
What describes how to use the body correctly?
Body mechanics
General rules of good body mechanics:
Face work area and turn by pivoting your feet
Stand erect and use good posture
Never twist or bend at the waist
Hold weight with leg muscles
What actions are easier on the body than lifting?
Pushing or pulling an object
True or false. Residents may experience dizziness from switching positions.
True
When applying a gait belt or transfer belt:
Check for tightness - belt should be tight enough to stay in place, but loose enough to be comfortable
To assist in proper alignment, CNA may use
Wedges, pillows and foot boards
When ambulating with a resident, use a transfer belt and
Stand slightly behind and to the side of the resident
Can a pathogen cause an infection?
Yes
Can unused items from a person’s room be used for another resident?
No, once they are in one resident’s room, they become contaminated
Most pathogens need what to grow?
Water, Oxygen, Light
When cleaning equipment, you
Work from dirty to clean areas
Use a brush if necessary
Use hot soapy water
Isolation precautions do what?
Keep pathogens within a certain area
Standard precautions are used for who?
All persons
Signs and symptoms of infection?
Fatigue and loss of energy
Sores on mucous membranes
Rash
What is the easiest and most important way to prevent the spread of infection?
Adequate hand hygiene
When observing a resident’s nonverbal communication, observe what?
Facial expression
Body posture and position
Body activity, such as turning away
Before leaving a room, the CNA should do what?
Make sure call light is in reach
Make sure resident has water
Check resident’s comfort
When should you answer a call light?
Immediately
A resident asks the same question over and over, what do you do?
Be patient
Threatening to touch a person’s body without consent is what?
Assault
What basic need is most essential?
Safety and security
What encourages safety and security?
Handling gently with care
Helping resident accept facility as home
Demonstrating hospitality
Rights of those who reside in a care home:
Right to freedom from restraint, abuse, neglect
Right to manage own finances
Right to safety and security
