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Nat 5 History > Unit One - The Atlantic Slave Trade > Flashcards

Unit One - The Atlantic Slave Trade Flashcards

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1
Q

3 reasons why Africans were enslaved

A
  • produce sugar as demand rose
  • indigenous people died so Africans brought to help
  • easy to enslave as unprotected and no weapons
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2
Q

Describe the triangular trade

A
  1. Manufactured goods taken from Britain to Africa ( 50-60 days)
  2. Slaves transported from Africa to West Indies (35 days)
  3. Raw marginals transported from West Indies to Britain (40 days)
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3
Q

Who took the slaves?(3)

A
  • Europeans kidnapped
  • Africans paid by Europeans to kidnap
  • Europeans exchanged objects/money for pre owned slaves
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4
Q

Things africans were traded for when bought off Africans (6)

A
  • Manila
  • guns
  • cotton items
  • jewellery
  • rum
  • cooking pots
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5
Q

Describe ways slaves were treated when being taken from mainland Africa to the coast ready to board the ships(5)

A
  • made to walk for days
  • limited/ no food
  • if slaves collapsed - left for dead
  • 7kg yolkes
  • one person falling pulls all down causing neck injury
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6
Q

Order of processing of slaves in slave factories (5)

A
  1. Separated by gender
  2. Given health inspections
  3. Healthy separated from ‘second raters’
  4. Healthy slaves branded with hot iron
  5. Slaves put on ships
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7
Q

What were slave parties like? (4)

A
  • tended to be small
  • slaves ages estimated
  • slaves hair shaved off
  • held underground until good weather
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8
Q

What effects did the slave trade have on Africa (6)

A
  • half of people taken died
  • lower food supplies
  • fewer workers resulted in famine
  • violence increased
  • propaganda = racist ideas
  • some industry improved
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9
Q

Main causes of death on the middle passage (3)

A
  • disease
  • infection
  • suicide
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10
Q

Physical health effects on the middle passage (5)

A
  • lying in own waste
  • children born on board without medical assistance
  • had to eat lying down
  • only got one pint of water per day
  • disease spread easily
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11
Q

Effects of the middle passage on mental health(4)

A
  • many people went insane
  • didn’t know where they were going
  • deck covered in blood looking bad ( like slaughter house)
  • sailors raped women
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12
Q

Mistreatment on the middle passage (5)

A
  • tumble over each other due to shackles
  • packed into small spaces
  • often forced to lie on sides
  • only fed twice a day
  • Limited fresh air
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13
Q

Why were African societies keen to get involved in the slave trade?(5)

A
  • attack against enemy tribes
  • a way to make money
  • tradition
  • receive European goods
  • Instead of holding prisoners hostage can make a profit off them
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14
Q

Why was rebellion so hard on the middle passage?(4)

A
  • not all Africans spoke the same language making communication hard
  • difficult to move due to chains
  • weak as not enough food or water
  • crew have weapons
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15
Q

Positive impacts on the Caribbean (5)

A
  • new culture introduced
  • ports developed
  • money into local economy
  • more trade opportunities
  • advances weapon art ideas from Europeans
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16
Q

Impact on the population of the Caribbean islands (3)

A
  • native islanders killed off
  • massive increase in disease too quickly
  • pressure on food supplies
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17
Q

Impacts of disease on the Caribbean Island (3)

A
  • natives not used to European diseases
  • over crowding
  • poor conditions
    These are all factors of which lead to the spread of disease on the Caribbean Islands
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18
Q

What were the four biggest slave ports in Britain? (4)

A
  • Glasgow
  • Liverpool
  • Bristol
  • London
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19
Q

Facts on the Glasgow slave trade port (5)

A
  • no more than 30 salve ship voyages
  • involvement downplayed
  • Traded tobacco more than slaves
  • no slave voyages after 1766
  • 1/3 of Jamaican plantations were owned by Scots
20
Q

Facts on the London slave port (3)

A
  • many banks opened in London
  • only British port allowed to trade before 1700
  • played an important role until 1785
21
Q

Facts about the Bristol slave port(4)

A
  • 2nd biggest English port
  • the positioning on the west coast offered advantage
  • mainly used for trading goods but often slaves
  • African traders trusted Bristol merchants
22
Q

Facts on the Liverpool slave port (3)

A
  • deepest port
  • 469 slave ships made in final 20 years
  • first slave voyage in 1700
23
Q

Why was the slave trade important for the British economy? (6)

A
  • banks established to pay for/insure slave trade
  • easy access to cheap raw materials in the West Indies
  • ship building/ repairing industries grew
  • new markets to sell good to as closer connections w other nations
  • many new industries formed ( providing jobs)
  • more employment opportunities
24
Q

What were the methods for selling slaves?(2)

A
  • private sale / treaty
    This is when there is is agreement between slave ship owners and plantation owners, they can reserve slaves and agree deals
  • slave auction
    This is when slaves are taken and presented to perspective buyers who will place bids on what they see
25
Q

Jobs on the plantations (6)

A
  • fishing
  • field hand
  • reproduction
  • driver
  • house work
  • prostitution
26
Q

Sugar production order (6)

A
  • Holes dug in the ground and sugar planted
  • rats and other animals chased away
  • cane burned and cut
  • cane brought to factory to be chopped and crushed
  • burning sugar stirred
  • juice from cane boiled and distilled
27
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of growing sugar (2)

A

ADVANTAGE - made the most money due to highest demand

DISADVANTAGE- took 18 months to grow

28
Q

What were some punishments faced by slaves on the plantations (6)

A
  • whipping
  • salting wounds
  • hung till death
  • ears cut off
  • regular lashings
  • separation from family
29
Q

Reasons for punishment (4)

A
  • trying to escape
  • rebellion
  • protesting against plantation owners taking women for sexual activity
  • faking injury to get out of work
30
Q

Why did slaves have a low life expectancy? (6)

A
  • food of low quality/ quantity
  • slaves vulnerable to disease
  • slaves couldn’t always adapt to weather
  • Severe punishment
  • weakened by hard work
  • women forced to sleep with owners (spread of STD’s)
31
Q

Ways slaves resisted on plantations (6)

A
  • attempt escape
  • break tools
  • learning
  • working slow
  • faking confusion
  • stealing
32
Q

How was resistance on the plantations dealt with? (6)

A
  • thumb screws
  • hung from waist
  • separation from family
  • execution
  • branding
  • rewards for killing runaway slaves
33
Q

Why was resistance on the plantations mainly unsuccessful?(6)

A
  • plantation owners had guns
  • plantation owners legally allowed to abuse
  • plantation owners can inflict fear
  • brainwashed to obey
  • white masters unite against them
  • slaves had to weapons
34
Q

What were the living conditions for slaves on the plantations (4)

A
  • cramped
  • dirty
  • crowded
  • uncomfortable
35
Q

Why was slave work dangerous(6)

A
  • dangerous tools
  • exhaustion leads to more accidents
  • exhausted them
  • many injuries
  • punishments
  • damaged bodies
36
Q

Why did slaves resist? (6)

A
  • poor conditions
  • children
  • avoid work
  • keep traditions
  • boost morale
  • have control over own life
37
Q

To what extent was plantation life the worst (6)

A

WAS- exhausting work
- dangerous work
- realisation this was their life
WAS NOT - access to sunlight
- knew what was happening
- less cramped than middle passage

38
Q

Methods used by abolitionists (6)

A
  • petitions
  • gathering evidence
  • personal accounts
  • speeches
  • taking cases to court
  • being strict with memberships
39
Q

How did William Wilberforce get abolition approved?

A
  • brought up issues in parliament
  • speeches in parliament
  • convinced Christians the slave trade was unbiblical
  • present a bill in parliament every year 1791- 1807
  • Succeeded in having the st abolished in 1807
  • used evidence in parliament from Thomas Clarkson
40
Q

Josiah wedgewood (1)

A

Created an unofficial logo for the movement. A man in chains, asking ‘ am I not a man and a brother ?’

41
Q

Granville Sharp

A

Fought legal cases on behalf of slaves fighting for their freedom

42
Q

Hannah more

A

Organised a sugar boycott which led to sales falling by a third

43
Q

Oloudah Equiano

A

A former slave, he published an autobiography about his mistreatment and the experiences he endured

44
Q

John Newton

A

Published a pamphlet about the evils of the trade, he was respected as he was a minister

45
Q

Thomas clarkson

A

Collected evidence of the abuse for example thumbscrews, handcuffs etc. He toured the country to raise awareness

46
Q

Arguments of the abolitionists (6)

A
  • inhuman
  • unbiblical
  • many British sailors died
  • taking jobs brits could get paid for
  • responsible for African wars
  • sugar produced cheaper by Indians
47
Q

Argument of anti abolitionists (6)

A
  • would take away luxury goods
  • many British jobs would be lost
  • slaves not badly treated
  • opens slaves to new culture
  • slaves entertained
  • banning trade would spark rebellion

Nat 5 History (3 decks)

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