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Nat 5 History > Unit 2 - WW1 > Flashcards

Unit 2 - WW1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Advantages(2)and disadvantages of trench war fare (3)

A 
ADANTAGES
- sheltered areas
- not as exposes
DISADVANTAGES 
- trench foot
- diseases spread easily
- stale mate
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2
Q

Scottish experience on the western front (4)

A
  • kilts swapped for khaki aprons to provide camouflage
  • Scots nicknamed “ ladies from hell”
  • one Scottish regiment served on the front line for 48 days without break
  • Scots used as “shock troops”
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3
Q

General experience of the western front (6)

A
  • foot not nutritious and poor quality
  • constant danger of death
  • bad weather lowered morale
  • bad weather would create bad conditions
  • boredom
  • repetitive routine
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4
Q

Defence tactics used on the western front (6)

A
  • trenches seven feet deep and six feet wide
  • duck boards used to prevent trench foot
  • dugouts in sides of trenches
  • barbed wire
  • machine guns
  • support and reserve trenches
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5
Q

Attack tactics on the western front (6)

A
  • large number of men concentrated to one section of front
  • scouting carried out by aircraft
  • artillery used to destroy enemy trenches before battle
  • before battle men would cut away barbed wire
  • at “zero hour” whistles would be blown for men to go over
  • gas
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6
Q

The battle of loos (6)

A
  • 20 Scottish regiments involved
  • first time British army uses gas as a weapon
  • wind changed blowing gas back at soldiers
  • 5 Scots awarded Victoria crosses
  • British lost element of surprise
  • germans retaliated with machine guns
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7
Q

Battle of the Somme (6)

A
  • artillery used to try and destroy German trenches before battle
  • did not go to plan and germans retaliated with machine guns
  • largest ever number of British casualties
  • 19,200 brits killed on first day
  • general haig instructed soldiers to walk
  • brkr the back of German army on western front
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8
Q

Pre - war Scotland (6)

A
  • Glasgow had over 1 million inhabitants
  • Glasgow produces masses of wealth
  • people evicted from highlands to make way for sheep
  • liberals and conservatives leading parties
  • clan systems destroyed and private armies banned
  • Warriors relied on “highland charge “
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9
Q

Artillery (4)

A
  • large mounted field guns
  • long range with devastating impacts
  • need crews of up to 12 men to work
  • shells weighed up to 900LBS
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10
Q

Gas chlorine (2) mustard (2) general (2)

A

Chlorine - caused chest pains and suffocation
- weather must be ideal or gas will blow back
Mustard - fired in shells into trenches
- caused vomiting, sore eyes, external & internal bleeding
- huge psychological effects
- in 1916 soldiers given gas masks

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11
Q

Guns - machine (3) & rifle (3)

A 
Machine - needed 4-6 men to operate 
                  - 600 bullets per minute 
                  - extreme accuracy 
Rifle - every soldier  had
          - 20 rounds fired per minute
          - most common gun
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12
Q

Tanks (5)

A
  • max speed 3mph
  • several became stuck in the mud
  • could not cross trenches
  • crew of three
  • targets for German snipers
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13
Q

Flame thrower - smaller (3) larger (3)

A 
Smaller - portable 
                - carried by one man
                - sends stream of oil
Larger - sustained flames for 40 seconds
              - expensive in use of fuel
              - needs several men to operate
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14
Q

Zeppelin (4)

A
  • airship used by Germans
  • weighed 12 tonnes
  • 136 mph speeds
  • carried machine guns and bombs
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15
Q

Planes (3)

A
  • used to deliver bombs and spy
  • became fighter planes
  • plane fights known as ‘ dog fights ‘
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16
Q

Toroedos (3)

A
  • German
  • submarines
  • used to blow up supplies coming from America to Britain
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17
Q

Dora laws (6)

A
  • could not buy binoculars
  • newspapers censored
  • not allowed to use invisible ink
  • spread rumours about military matters
  • talk about naval or military matters in public
  • windows blacked out
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18
Q

Why was rationing introduced ? (4)

A
  • submarines sinking supply ships
  • one in four ships using British ports were sunk
  • massive increase in pricing
  • food fights
  • young children dying
  • rich people only able to eat
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19
Q

What foods were rationed ? (6)

A
  • bacon
  • bread
  • potatoes
  • fresh meat
  • sugar
  • tea
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20
Q

Changing role of women (4)

A
  • by late 1918 90% of workers were women
  • over 200 women killed by explosions in the work place
  • pre- war fewer than 4000 women worked in Scottish industry
  • men has no choice but to employ women as there was no men to work
21
Q

What industries employed the most women?(4)

A
  • munitions
  • engineering
  • government work
  • nursing
22
Q

What jobs did women have in the army?(5)

A
  • telephonists
  • secretaries
  • electricians
  • waitresses
  • cooks
23
Q

Land army and other jobs (6)

A
  • conductors
  • typists
  • farm labourers
  • nursing
  • secretary
  • role models for otter women
24
Q

Elsie ingles and the Scottish women’s hospitals (5)

A
  • idea to open hospitals near western front
  • she raised money for and organised the hospitals
  • the French one treated over 10,000 service men
  • Elsie dies returning from treating Serbian and Romanian troops
  • served in Serbia and France
25
Q

Name things women gained with their work (4)

A
  • more independence
  • more income
  • more freedom
  • control over their social lives
26
Q

What were the main messages convey through propaganda? (5)

A
  • German people are bad
  • anti coward messages
  • patriotism
  • security
  • supporting the war effort
27
Q

What is conscription? (1)

A

Conscription is when a country forces people who meet certain requirements to join the army

28
Q

Arguments for conscription (2)

A
  • young men had a duty above all to defend

- the country would be endangered when facing more powerful armies if Britain did not have enough soldiers

29
Q

Arguments against conscription (2)

A
  • has not been used in Britain before

- immoral

30
Q

Conscription & dates (3)

A
  • January 1916 - uk government passed the military service act which conscripted single men aged 18-41
  • May 1916- married men also conscripted
  • 1918- by 1918 all men from the ages 18-51 were conscripted
31
Q

What circumstances could exempt a person from conscription (3)

A
  • I’ll health
  • engaged in vital war work such as coal mining
  • few conscientious objectors
32
Q

What was the munitions of war act? (1)

A

The munitions of war act was when the government passed a law that granted employers more power so that weapon production would continue uninterrupted

33
Q

What was the shell scandal?(4)

A
  • happened in 1915
  • insufficient/ poor artillery shells
  • became a political crisis and lead to the collapse of the Liberal government
  • workers not allowed to leave job without explicit permission to move onto another
34
Q

Jute ( used in sandbags ) during and after war (2)

A

DURING - there was an increase in demand during the war which led to more jobs
AFTER- the Industry completely collapsed after the war ended as there was no longer a high demand/ no demand for the material

35
Q

Farming during and after the war (2)

A

DURING- increase in demand when imports slowed during the war
AFTER- imports resumed after the war ended, this lead to a decline in the wages of the workers and a decline in the price of produce

36
Q

Coal during and after the war (2)

A

DURING- during the war there was a high demand for coal, however the industry suffered from loosing men to the forces
AFTER- Alternative fuels began to be used, therefore production in Scotland slowed and strikes broke out

37
Q

Fishing during and after the war (2)

A

DURING- during the war the fishing market declined as there was a loss of foreign market and too many German submarines
AFTER- after the war the recovery of this industry was difficult as markets had been lost and most ships needed severe repairing after war

38
Q

Ship building during and after war (2)

A

DURING - during the wad there was an increase in the demand from ship builders, this halted the previous decline
AFTER- After the war many yards closed and jobs were lost as there was no war so not as many ships needed repaired and built, the industry also suffered under the collapse of the fishing industry

39
Q

How did the suffragists protest (6)

A
  • peaceful protesting
  • posters
  • leaflets
  • petitions
  • writing to parliament members
  • writing articles for news papers
40
Q

How did the suffragettes protest?(6)

A
  • violent protesting
  • chained themselves to railings
  • hunger strikes
  • slashed famous paintings
  • setting buildings on fire
  • heckling politicians
41
Q

What issues did the women at home face in 1916?(2)

A
  • rent increased out of greed
  • food shortages
  • working overtime
  • eviction due to rent prices
  • no political reaction to women campaigns
  • not taken seriously
42
Q

What did the representation of the people act include? (5)

A
  • women over 30 could vote if they were a uni graduate, owned property or her or her partner was a member of local government
  • all men over 21 right to vote
  • service men over 19 vote in election
  • number of seats in the commons raised to accommodate enlarged electorate
  • contentious objectors could not vote for five years after the war ended
43
Q

What lead to the rent restrictions act? (6)

A
  1. Women became unhappy with their inability to partake in politics
  2. Suffragettes and suffragists formed
  3. women baring brunt of the workload
  4. Landlords exploiting women with rent charges
  5. Mary Barbour and the women’s housing association strike
  6. Prime minister david Lloyd George is forced to respond with rents restrictions act
44
Q

Disadvantages of city housing (6)

A
  • poor sanitary / water
  • disease spread easily
  • damp
  • over crowded
  • mental/ physical health issues
  • crime increased
45
Q

Successes of red clydeside (3)

A
  • weakened liberal party and introduced labour
  • lead to a growth in class consciousness
  • key to rent restrictions act
46
Q

Failures of Red Clydeside (3)

A
  • many people arrested
  • struggled to make progress until after war
  • couldn’t raise popular enough opposition to the war
47
Q

Statistics of casualties from the war (6)

A
  • 20,000 people died in the Somme day one
  • Artillery caused most deaths
  • 1/4 Scots who went to war died
  • 27 academy students died
  • 332 conscientious objectors killed
  • winter 1914-1915 trenchfoot was worst
48
Q

Purpose of war memorials (6)

A
  • record names of the dead
  • a way to remember
  • a place to grieve
  • promote peace
  • offer comfort
  • some practical

Nat 5 History (3 decks)

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