Unit 2 - WW1 Flashcards
Advantages(2)and disadvantages of trench war fare (3)
ADANTAGES - sheltered areas - not as exposes DISADVANTAGES - trench foot - diseases spread easily - stale mate
Scottish experience on the western front (4)
- kilts swapped for khaki aprons to provide camouflage
- Scots nicknamed “ ladies from hell”
- one Scottish regiment served on the front line for 48 days without break
- Scots used as “shock troops”
General experience of the western front (6)
- foot not nutritious and poor quality
- constant danger of death
- bad weather lowered morale
- bad weather would create bad conditions
- boredom
- repetitive routine
Defence tactics used on the western front (6)
- trenches seven feet deep and six feet wide
- duck boards used to prevent trench foot
- dugouts in sides of trenches
- barbed wire
- machine guns
- support and reserve trenches
Attack tactics on the western front (6)
- large number of men concentrated to one section of front
- scouting carried out by aircraft
- artillery used to destroy enemy trenches before battle
- before battle men would cut away barbed wire
- at “zero hour” whistles would be blown for men to go over
- gas
The battle of loos (6)
- 20 Scottish regiments involved
- first time British army uses gas as a weapon
- wind changed blowing gas back at soldiers
- 5 Scots awarded Victoria crosses
- British lost element of surprise
- germans retaliated with machine guns
Battle of the Somme (6)
- artillery used to try and destroy German trenches before battle
- did not go to plan and germans retaliated with machine guns
- largest ever number of British casualties
- 19,200 brits killed on first day
- general haig instructed soldiers to walk
- brkr the back of German army on western front
Pre - war Scotland (6)
- Glasgow had over 1 million inhabitants
- Glasgow produces masses of wealth
- people evicted from highlands to make way for sheep
- liberals and conservatives leading parties
- clan systems destroyed and private armies banned
- Warriors relied on “highland charge “
Artillery (4)
- large mounted field guns
- long range with devastating impacts
- need crews of up to 12 men to work
- shells weighed up to 900LBS
Gas chlorine (2) mustard (2) general (2)
Chlorine - caused chest pains and suffocation
- weather must be ideal or gas will blow back
Mustard - fired in shells into trenches
- caused vomiting, sore eyes, external & internal bleeding
- huge psychological effects
- in 1916 soldiers given gas masks
Guns - machine (3) & rifle (3)
Machine - needed 4-6 men to operate - 600 bullets per minute - extreme accuracy Rifle - every soldier had - 20 rounds fired per minute - most common gun
Tanks (5)
- max speed 3mph
- several became stuck in the mud
- could not cross trenches
- crew of three
- targets for German snipers
Flame thrower - smaller (3) larger (3)
Smaller - portable - carried by one man - sends stream of oil Larger - sustained flames for 40 seconds - expensive in use of fuel - needs several men to operate
Zeppelin (4)
- airship used by Germans
- weighed 12 tonnes
- 136 mph speeds
- carried machine guns and bombs
Planes (3)
- used to deliver bombs and spy
- became fighter planes
- plane fights known as ‘ dog fights ‘
Toroedos (3)
- German
- submarines
- used to blow up supplies coming from America to Britain
Dora laws (6)
- could not buy binoculars
- newspapers censored
- not allowed to use invisible ink
- spread rumours about military matters
- talk about naval or military matters in public
- windows blacked out
Why was rationing introduced ? (4)
- submarines sinking supply ships
- one in four ships using British ports were sunk
- massive increase in pricing
- food fights
- young children dying
- rich people only able to eat
What foods were rationed ? (6)
- bacon
- bread
- potatoes
- fresh meat
- sugar
- tea