Unit One Test Flashcards
Describe agriculture in terms of technological change around the world1
Mention/explain: Neotholic Revolution; technology and agriculture go hand in hand; water; Egyptians 4000 bc dikes for flood protection and catchment basins for water storage; Indus Valley irrigation systems by 2000 bce;
Define civilization and describe problematic issues involved in this definition1
Mention/explain the following: Ethnocentrism; some places may not have everything the definition requires; each era has a different view of tech; definition changes with place and years;
Define civilization and describe problematic issues involved in this definition2
indo Europeans had spokes on wheels by 4000; Romans believed to have steam engine over 1000 years early; sacrifice; barbaric-Greeks; anthropologists archeologists
Describe agriculture in terms of technological change around the world2
Persians underground irrigation system quanat by 1st mellinium bce; Shang and Zhou dynasties had stone hoes, digging sticks, wooden digging sticks= population 20x larger; Zhou=Iron Age; Greeks advanced metal making skills and Romans improve them and encourage trade
Define and describe the demographic characteristics of agricultural, pastoral, and foraging societies 1
Explain/mention the following: difference of acquiring food/nourishment causes demographic differences; discuss small groups moving around vs agricultural; more food equals more people; discuss prejudice and class systems; two nomadic societies only had nobles and commoners if even;
Define and describe the demographic characteristics of agricultural, pastoral, and foraging societies 2
more people equals more slaves, gvt, and less importance for women; diet, disease, and life span bigger issues with agricultural; pastoral societies were first to rely on other groups of ppl; pastoral relied only ever on food comming from animal; pastoral had no gvt, but did have disputes with other clans.
What is the timing of the introduction of key stages of metal use 1
Aspects to mention or explain: in 4000 bc, neotholic ppl found bronze and copper to be useful for various things; 4000 bc, Egyptians taught of bronze work from Hyksos; Zhou had some bronze; Shang famous for their bronze weapons, instruments, drinking vessels;
What is the timing of the introduction of key stages of metal use 2
Hittites and aryans used iron tools and such, increasing aryan population by food surplus; jewels also important in history of metal use; popular with most nobility especially Egypt, gold silver and bronze popular in jewelry; 640 bc, Kings of Lydia introduced metal coins, we still use today.
Describe the connection between trade and religious diffusion (if you have the choice, don’t do this one it’s too short)
Explain or mention the following: open minded merchants on trade routes are interested and spread their interest to their ppl; Silk Road; Zoroastrianism went from Persia to China; Taoism from China all the way to Eastern Europe; hinduism from India to marine routes of Silk Road;
Describe the BANTU and Polynesian migrations
Bantu migrations from 500 bc to 1000 ce; spread a cross Africa; went from coast of Gulf of Guinea to Great Lakes, south to the Congo river basin and kalahari desert, and southeast to Zambezi river; not in big groups, but rather many small ones over a long time; they picked up some hunter gatherer ppl along the way; more than 90 million speak Bantu derived languages today made in the migration time.
Describe the Bantu and POLYNESIAN migrations
Went east and west over 800 years; over water only; used powerful canoes; also spread their culture and adapted to new environments and governments.
Describe the development of political and social traditions in India
Espically in time of Aryas; one King of the empire and a bunch of local rulers for city states; King must protect subjects and all of their property and keep peace, reflection of Hinduism; very strict, unequal social casts; Brahmins are warriors or priests, Kshatriyas were rulers, Vaishyas were merchants or artisans, sudras were labourers, Dalits were untouchables; very strict about caste and could never change, some cranky old men believe this today.
Describe the development of political and social traditions in China
Military was extremely prominent; Qin dynasty had cruel and effective laws, legalism, spies, and extended the empire with a ruthless military; Han dynasty turned to a Confucian gvt; Han leaders such as Liu Bang and Wu Di responsible for maintaining the image of peace, virtue and goodness; gvt provided peace prosperity and education to its citizens; social structure was strict; fathers employment passed down to the son, women were property and military was highest social class
Describe the development of political and social traditions in Greece
Different from each polis; athens had democracy but others had aristocracy and oligarchy; nobles and warriors, then merchants, then peasants, then slaves and women; women had sone rights in Sparta.
Describe the political and social structure of Andean South America
Not much known; relied more on military; source of gvt came from the chavin Cult a thing that influenced complex society with great jobs for middle class; after CC era, 200 bc, better form of politics came up in cities which eventually became states focused on farming and irrigation.
Describe the political and social structure of Mesoamerica
Upper class was priests nobles and kings, then merchants and artisans and commoners, then workers, servants, and slaves; Mayans had city states that fought against each other; ceremonial centers where high class lived and political and social events occurred; Olmecs; Tetotuhecians; peaceful until decline where cities were burned or invaded.
Describe the underlying similarities in cementing a social hierarchy with Hinduism and Confucianism
Hindu believed that there is a social class that one is born with until death; the Brahmins are warriors/priests, Kshatriyas are rulers, Vaishyas are common merchants/artsians, Sudras are labourers, and Dalits are untouchables; Confucian hierarchy more personal; Confucius himself established these; subject is kind to emperor; son respects father; wife submits to husband; younger brother is model of older brother; friends trust friends; both respect elders; women have no rights; say why classes are so strict and cemented.
Describe the role of women in Buddhism and Christianity
Buddhism: open religious opprotunities; could be nuns; however nuns had 350 rules while monks had 250 rules; some buddhists suggest that the woman’s body is evil; Christianity: christian women can be nuns and sometimes have larger church roles; not very powerful in bible; “ wives submit yourselves to your husband, as unto the lord”; “the head of every man is christ and the head of the woman is man”;
Describe the role of women in Confucianism and Hinduism
Confucianism: baby girls born and seen as a social and financial liability; women honoured posthumously if they followed husbands to the grave; subjected to authority of all men and practiced foot-binding; Hinduism: married at young age and if husbands did not approve of wives, husbands could toss them to the streets to live life as an outcast; also persecuted for some time years ago.
