Unit One Exam - Prokaryotes / Eukatyotes

Question 1

Two domains that prokaryotes are divided into?

Answer 1

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 2

What prokaryotes are extremophiles?

Answer 2

Archaea

Question 3

3 characteristic shapes of bacteria?

Answer 3

Bacillus - rod shaped

Coccus - spherical

Spirillum - cork screw

Question 4

What are Bacteria cell walls made of?

Answer 4

Peptidoglycan

Question 5

What does gram positive mean?

Answer 5

Represents a bacteria with a thick peptidoglycan wall, stains purple

Question 6

What is gram negative?

Answer 6

Stains red, represents bacteria with a thin peptidoglycan wall

Question 7

Agar?

Answer 7

A semi-solid nutrient dense substance used for culturing bacteria

Question 8

What is a colony?

Answer 8

A group of bacteria descending from a single cell

Question 9

How do you generate colonies on a plate of agar?

Answer 9

Use an isolation streak

Question 10

What are Cyanobacteria?

Answer 10

Photosynthetic phylum of bacteria

Question 11

What do these have in common?

Plants
Animals
Fungi
Protists

Answer 11

They are eukaryotes in domain eukarya

Question 12

What is different about protist?

Answer 12

A throw away category, has a eukaryotic cell structure but do not fit for the other 3

Question 13

What are photosynthetic protist?

Answer 13

Algae

Question 14

What are protozoans?

Answer 14

Heterotrophic protist

Question 15

What is multicellular algae?

Answer 15

Seaweed

Question 16

What is unicellular algae?

Answer 16

Phytoplankton

Question 17

What is a slime mold?

Answer 17

Protozoan

Question 18

How do slime molds differ from fungi?

Answer 18

Slime molds posses flagellated cells at one point in life cycle

They phagocytize, (engulf whole cells / macromolecules)

Question 19

Two types of slime mold exist?

Answer 19

Cellular slime mold which is single cell

Plasmodia slime mold which exist as a fan shaped mass of multi nucleated cytoplasm

Question 20

What are fungi described as?

Answer 20

Saprotroph

Question 21

What are saprotroph?

Answer 21

Organism (fungi) that lives off dead or decaying organic material by secreting digestive enzymes into its environment to breakdown its desired nutrition and then absorb it via pinocytosis

Question 22

What do the cell walls of fungi consist of?

Answer 22

Chitin, a sugary molecule also found in exoskeletons of arthropods

Question 23

Are fungi heterotrophic?

Answer 23

Yes there are no photosynthetic fungi

Question 24

Two reasons fungi are closely related to animals?

Answer 24

Chitin in cell walls and heterotrophic

Question 25

What are the 5 phyla of fungi?

Answer 25

Chytrids (ancient aquatic fungi)

Glomeromycota (AM fungi, 200 species)

Zygomycota (bread molds)

Ascomycota (sac fungi)

Basidiomycota (club fungi)

Question 26

What do fungi spores germinate into?

Structure name

Answer 26

Hyphae

Question 27

What is a mass of hyphae called?

Answer 27

Mycelium

Question 28

How do fungi fertilize?

Answer 28

Individual mycelium from two different strains of the same fungi meet and fuse

Question 29

What is produced from fungi fertilization?

Answer 29

A fruiting body

Question 30

What happens in the fruiting body?

Answer 30

Meiosis occurs in order to produce its fungul spores

Question 31

What is the sac called on ascomycota fungi?

Answer 31

Ascus

Question 32

Where are the spores produced on ascomycota fungi?

Answer 32

In the fruiting body that is sac shaped called a ascus

Question 33

When is the ascus produced?

Answer 33

During sexual reproduction of both yeast and cup fungi of the ascomycota fungi

Question 34

What are the two types of ascomycota fungi?

Answer 34

Multicellular, which is referred to as cup fungi ( fruit body resembles a cup)

Unicellular, referred to as yeast

Question 35

What happens to yeast when producing asexually?

Answer 35

Process called budding happens where asymmetrical distribution of the cells cytoplasm occurs

Question 36

What happens to cup fungi when producing asexually?

Answer 36

A structure called a conidiophore is produced that utilizes mitosis to produce spores called conidiospores

Question 37

What two fungi exist as symbionts?

Answer 37

Lichen and mycorrhizae

Question 38

What does lichen have a symbiotic relationship with?

Answer 38

Cyanobacteria or algae

Question 39

What symbiotic relationship does lichen have?

Answer 39

The lichen serves as a perfect or to the photosynthetic partner in favor of food (sugar) from photosynthesis

Question 40

What is root fungus?

Answer 40

Mycorrhizae

Question 41

What is mycorrhizae have a relationship with?

Answer 41

Root bearing plants, more importantly the roots

Question 42

What are the two types of root fungus?

Answer 42

Ectomycorrhizae

Endomycorrhizae

Question 43

What is ectomycorrhizae?

Answer 43

Root fungus that does not penetrate the cells of the root

Question 44

What is endomycorrhizae?

Answer 44

Root fungus that penetrates the cells of the roots

Question 45

What symbiotic relationship does mycorrhizae have with roots?

Answer 45

Root fungus helps plants absorb salts and minerals from the ground that normally would be extremely hard for the plant to absorb.

The fungus is able to siphons sugars from the plant that is created via photosynthesis

Question 46

Percent of plants that live in association to root fungus?

Answer 46

90%

Question 47

Identify the fruiting body of the basidiomycota.

Answer 47

Ground -> up

Stalk, annulus (section between stalk and cap), cap, gills (underside of cap), basidia stands on the gills that hang), basidia spores attached to the basidia.