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Nursing Pharmacology > Unit One Exam Flashcards > Flashcards

Unit One Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

____-OSIN STANDS FOR WHICH DRUG

A

ALPHA BLOCKERS

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2
Q

Cholinergic/Parasympathetic Saliva

A

Liquid

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3
Q

Placental Barrier

A

Spontaneos abortion
tertogenesis

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4
Q

Adrenergic/sympathetic ALPHA 1 LOCATION

A

arterioles
prostate
bladder
eyes

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5
Q

Adrenergic/sympathetic Bronchi

A

dilation

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6
Q

Cholinergic/Parasympathetic Eyes

A

ACCOMMODATION FOR:
Near vision miosis

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7
Q

Nervous system has two main divisions

A

Central
peripheral

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8
Q

Free Drug

A

Active drug
able to exit the blood vessels and reach their sit of action causing a pharmacologic response

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9
Q

WET SYMPTOMS

A

DECREASED:
-BP & HR

INCREASED:
BLOOD FLOW (STOMACH, INTESTINES, KIDNEYS)
BLADDER TONE (URINARY SPHINCTER RELAXATION)
SALIVATION
PERISTALSIS (DIGESTIVE SECRETIONS)

PUPIL CONSTRICTION (NO DILATION W/ GLAUCOMA)

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10
Q

Cholinergic

A

Rest and Digest

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11
Q

Nonmaleficence

A

DO NO HARM

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12
Q

Cultural Considerations:

A

Communication Styles
Spatial Preference
Perception of Time
Environmental Control
Social Organization
Biologic Variations

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13
Q

Blood Brain Barrier

A

Lipid soluble
low molecular weight

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14
Q

IM, Sub Q, Intrathecal onset

A

several minutes

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15
Q

Additive Interactions

A

like-drugs
1+1=3

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16
Q

Adrenergic/sympathetic CNS

A

increased
drive
alertness

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17
Q

Problems assoc. with OTC drugs

A

-mask signs/symptoms of disease
-can interact with Rx drugs
-can be taken in larger quantities than recommended dose

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18
Q

PARASYMPATHETIC AGONIST

A

BRADYCARDIA
HYPOTENSION
SALIVATION
URINATION
DIARRHEA (DEFECATION/GI MOTILITY)
MICTURITION (URNARY URGE)
PUPIL CONSTRICTION (OK FOR GLAUCOMA)
BRONCHOSPASMS (BAD WITH ASTHMA)

(S.L.U.D.(G).(E).)

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19
Q

Brand/trade name

A

-Selected by the company
-protected by copyright
-designed for clinicians and patients to recall and pronounce easily

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20
Q

onset of action

A

affected by absorption rate

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21
Q

WET SIDE EFFECTS (S.L.U.D.(G).(E).)

A

S- SALIVATION
L- LACRIMATION
U- URINATION
D- DEFECATION
(G)- (GASTRIC UPSET)
(E)- (EMESIS)

CHOLINERGIC CRISIS

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22
Q

Cholinergic/Parasympathetic Bronchi

A

Constriction

increased
secretion

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23
Q

oral/transdermal onset

A

30-60mins

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24
Q

Adrenergic/sympathetic BETA 1 ACTION

A

Increased:
Cardiac output
HR
Force of heart contractility
BP (renin release)

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25
Q

Socio-Cultural Considerations

A

Cultural values
Med Beliefs
Diet
Tobacco Use
Economic Factors
Language Expressions
Language Barrier
Spiritual Beliefs

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26
Q

Adrenergic/sympathetic ENZYME FOR DEGREDATION

A

Monoamine oxidase

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27
Q

Enteric coated/ Sustained Release

A

DO NOT CRUSH/CHEW
scoured tablets may be split

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28
Q

Exipients

A

inert fillers

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29
Q

______-OLOL STANDS FOR

A

PURE BETA BLOCKER

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30
Q

Black Box Label

A

The drug carries significant, life threatening risks

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31
Q

Schedule 4

A

Low potential for abuse/dependence
-acceptable medicinal use
-RX required

Xanax, Valium, Ativan

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32
Q

Off Label Use

A

Use of a drug for a purpose outside the scope of the drug’s approved uses

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33
Q

Autonoy

A

Ability to make reasonable decisions

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34
Q

Disintegration is the precursor to

A

Dissolution

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35
Q

Plasma Proteins

A

Albumin
Lipoproteins
Alph-1-Acid Glycoproteins (AGP)

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36
Q

Drugs can replace/act as substitutes for missing chemicals

A

neurotransmitters
hormones

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37
Q

Cholinergic/Parasympathetic GI Tract

A

Increased
secretion
peristalsis

Decreased
Sphincter tone

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38
Q

Parasympathetic NS (Cholinergic)

A

Craniosacral

Acetylcholine (NT)

Enzymatic Breakdown:
-acetylcholinesterase

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39
Q

Interfere with functioning of foreign cells

A

antibodies

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40
Q

Therapeutic

A

-analgesic
-antipyretic

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41
Q

Schedule 2

A

High potental for abuse and dependence
-some medical properties

Vicodin, Cocaine, Meth

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42
Q

Schedule 3

A

Moderate potential for abuse/dependence
-acceptable med properties
-Rx required

Tylenol with Codeine, Ketamine, Steroids

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43
Q

Adrenergic/sympathetic GI Tract

A

Increase
Sphincter tone

Decrease
peristalsis
blood flow

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44
Q

Adrenergic/sympathetic ALPHA 1 ACTION

A

Vasoconstriction
Pupil Dilation
Decrease
-GI Smooth muscle motility

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45
Q

Autonomic functions

A

Regulates:
Cardiac tissue
Exocrine Glands:
-sweat
-salivary
-gastric
Smooth muscle in:
-bronchi
-vessels
-GI tract

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46
Q

Drugs can increase/stimulate certain cellular activities

A

Metabolism
protein synthesis
smooth muscle

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47
Q

Metbolism (primary site)

A

Liver

enzyme
-cytochrome P450 (many subclasses)

HEPATIC FIRST PASS

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48
Q

Adrenergic/sympathetic BETA 2 ACTION

A

Dilate bronchi
promotes skeletal muscle blood flow
GI and Uterine relaxation
Glycogenolysis

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49
Q

Adrenergic/sympathetic ANTAGONIST DRUGS BLOCK/EFFECTS/PREVENTS A RESPONSE

A

BLOCKS
Synthesis
Release
Degredation
Bind/block post synaptic receptor

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50
Q

Adrenergic/sympathetic BETA 1 LOCATION

A

heart
blood vessels
kidney

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51
Q

Fidelity

A

Keep Promises

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52
Q

CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONISTS (BLOCKERS)

A

BLOCK ALPHA AND BETA RECEPTOR SITES
DIRECTLY (OCCUPYING RECEPTORS)
INDIRECTLY (INHIBITING RELEASE OF NT’S)

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53
Q

IV, Intra-arterial, inhalation onset

A

within one minute

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54
Q

Distribution

A

Protein Binding
Blood Flow
Barriers:
-Blood Brain Barrier
-Placental Barrier
FAT SOLUBLE STORAGE!!

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55
Q

Protein Binding

A

Competative binding is a major cause of

Drug-Drug interactions!

adding a med
-may increase original medication therapeutic effect

stopping a med
-may decrease remaining med effect

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56
Q

Low Therapeutic index

A

-narrow therapeutic range

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57
Q

Justice

A

Treating People Fairly

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58
Q

Incompatibilities

A

I dont like you

precipitates

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59
Q

Lipid soluble meds

A

Rapidly pass through membrane

60
Q

Adrenergic/sympathetic Liver

A

Glycogenesis
glucose release

61
Q

unintended effects

A

weight gain
tooth decay

62
Q

REST AND DIGEST RESPONSE RESULTS IN

A

WET SYMPTOMS (CHOLINERGIC CRISIS)

63
Q

ADRENERGIC/SYMPATHETIC ANTAGONISTS BLOCK:

A

BLOCK THE EFFECTS OF ADRENERGIC NEUROTRANSMITTERS
-ALPHA
-BETA
-SELECTIVE VS NONSELECTIVE

BLOCK ALPHA AND BETA RECEPTOR SITES
DIRECTLY
-OCCUPYING RECEPTORS
INDIRECTLY
-INHIBITING RELEASE OF NT’S

64
Q

Paraenteral

A

Not into GI tract

Intramuscular (IM)
Intravenous (IV)
Subcutaneous (SQ)
Intradermal

65
Q

Define side effects

A

Predictable

66
Q

CHOLINERGIC/PARASYMPATHETIC ENZYME FOR DEGRDATION

A

ACETYLCHOLINEASTERASE

67
Q

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

REST AND DIGEST

WOKS IN OPPOSITION OF SNS (TO CREATE HOMEOSTASIS)
DECREASES HR

68
Q

Fight or flight response results in

A

Increased:
BP & HR
Blood flow to (brain, heart, skeletal muscles)
muscle glycogen (for energy)
Blood Sugar
Rate of coagulation

Pupil dilation

69
Q

duration action

A

affected by half life point of lowest concentration

70
Q

Pharmacologic Class

A

Family
-non steroidal
-anti inflammatory

71
Q

Adrenergic/sympathetic BETA 2 LOCATION

A

Lungs
arterioles
liver

72
Q

CHOLINERGIC/PARASYMPATHETIC NEUROTRANSMITTER(S)

A

ACETYLCHOLINE

73
Q

Cholinergic/Parasympathetic Heart

A

Decreased
HR & BP

74
Q

FDA Pregnancy Categories

A

A- adequate evidence to show no risk to fetus

B- No human studies to show safety (animal studies found no harm)

C- Caution Advised, No adequate human studies (animal studies found harmful effects)

D- Clear evidence of risk to fetus (benefits outweigh potential risk)

X- Clear evidence shows TERATOGENESIS (risks outweigh benefits)

75
Q

Schedule 5

A

Lowest potential 4 abuse/dependence
-acceptable medicinal properties
RX required (fewest refill restrictions)

Lomotil, Motofen, Lyrica

76
Q

ADRENERGIC/SYMPATHETIC BLOCKERS

A

ANTAGONISTS

77
Q

Adrenergic/sympathetic bladder

A

Increase
Sphincter tone

decrease
Detrusor muscle

78
Q

Enteral Administration-

A

GI TRACT (80%)

oral
gasric

79
Q

Nurse Practice Acts:

A

Laws nurses must abide by

NURSING PROCESS
-assess
-plan
-Intervention
-evaluation

80
Q

Drugs Depress/Slow/block cellular activities

A

nerve transmission
peristalsis
immune response

81
Q

Metabolism (process)

A

Chemically changes drugs into a form that can be excreted

82
Q

Pharmacogenetics

A

The study of Genetic factors that influence an individual response to specific drugs

83
Q

BETA 2 RECEPTORS EFFECT

A

LUNGS

84
Q

Chemical Name

A

Scientific name

85
Q

Adrenergic/sympathetic Skeletal muscle

A

increase
Blood flow
glycogenosis

86
Q

High Therapeutic Index

A

Wide therapeutic range

87
Q

Drug Half Life (T 1/2)

A

The time it takes to eliminate 50% of the medication

half life determine dosing interval

STEADY STATE REACHED AFTER 4 HALF-LIFE DOSES

88
Q

Excretion

A

Elimination from the body

Kidneys/urine (water soluble)
Lungs
Gi Tract, Sweat, Saliva, Tears, Breast Milk

89
Q

CHOLINERGIC/PARASYMPATHETIC RECEPTORS

A

MUSCORINIC (MAIN RECEPTOR)

POST-GANGLIONIC

90
Q

Adrenergic

A

Fight or Flight sympathetic response

91
Q

therapeutic index

A

relationship between the
-effective dose
-toxic dose

92
Q

BETA 1 RECEPTORS EFFECT

A

HEART

93
Q

Adrenergic/sympathetic Fat tissue

A

lipolysis
fatty acid liberation

94
Q

synergistic Interactions

A

unlike drugs
1+b=3

95
Q

Adrenergic/sympathetic NEUROTRANSMITTERS

A

Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dopamine

96
Q

Adrenergic/sympathetic Heart

A

Increase
HR
Pump force
BP

97
Q

Adrenergic/sympathetic Saliva

A

DRY MOUTH

98
Q

ALPHA 1 RECEPTORS EFFECT

A

BLOOD VESSELS AND PROSTATE

99
Q

Cholinergic/Parasympathetic Skin

A

Sweat

100
Q

CHOLINERGIC/PARASYMPATHETIC MUSCORINIC RECEPTORS LOCATED:

A

EYE
LUNGS
HEART
BOOD VESSELS
GU SYSTEM (BLADDER AND URINARY SPHINCTERS)
GI TRACT (SALIVARY GLANDS, GASTRIC SECRETIONS, INTESTINAL TONE/MOTILITY)
SWEAT GLANDS
SEX ORGANS (ERECTION)

101
Q

Bound Drug

A

Inactive drug

102
Q

CHOLINERGIC/PARASYMPATHETIC

A

REST AND DIGEST
FEED AND BREED

103
Q

health literacy

A

Capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information needed to make health decisions

104
Q

Adrenergic Fight or Flight Response

A

Increase
-HR & BP
Shunting blood AWAY from skin and viscera
-to skeletal muscle
Dilating the bronchi
Dilating Pupils
Mobilizing stored energy

105
Q

antagonistic Interactions

A

opposite
1+1<1

106
Q

Metabolism (interactions)

A

Enzyme inhibition
-decreases
Enzyme induction
-increases
Liver Function (LFT’s)

107
Q

topical onset

A

one hour

108
Q

Adrenergic/sympathetic Eyes

A

Pupillary dilation

109
Q

Adrenergic/sympathetic AGONIST DRUGS CAUSE/EFFECT/RESPONSE

A

Increased
NT Synthesis
NT Release

Destroy Enzyme of Degredation
Attach to post synaptic receptors
blocks reuptake of NT

110
Q

Intended Effects

A

Situation-
mood elevation
hunger relief

111
Q

PARKINSONS SYMPTOMS (S.M.A.R.T.)

A

S- SHUFFLING GAIT
M- MASK LIKE FACE
A- AKINESIA
R- RIGIDITY
T- TREMOR

112
Q

Organ Toxicity (drug effects)

A

Hepatotoxicity
-liver
nephrotoxicity
-kidney
ototoxicity
-eyes

113
Q

agonist

A

produces a response

114
Q

PARASYMPATHETIC ANTAGONIST (BLOCKER)

A

TACHYCARDIA
HPERTENSION
DRY MOUTH
CONSTIPATION
URINARY HESITENCY (RETENTION)
PUPIL DILATION (NOT FOR PEOPLE W/ NARROW ANGLE GLAUCOMA)

115
Q

Non-Selective Drugs

A

Drugs that effect multiple different receptors

116
Q

antagonist

A

blocks a response

117
Q

beneficience

A

ethical obligation to do good and avoid causing harm

118
Q

BETA BLOCKER SIDE EFFECTS

A

BRADYCARDIA
LETHARGY
GI DISTURBANCE
CHF
DECREASED BP
DEPRESSION

119
Q

sublingual/buccal onset

A

several mintes

120
Q

Peripheral Nervous system has two major subdivisions

A

Somatic
-controls voluntary movements
Autonomic
-Involuntary

121
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

The study of the EFFECT of Drugs on the body

122
Q

rectal/vaginal onset

A

15-30 mins

123
Q

CHOLINERGIC SIDE EFFECTS (L.E.S.S.D.U.M.B.)

A

L- LACRIMATION
E- EXITATION OF NICOTINIC SYNAPSES
S- SALIVATION
S- SWEATING
D- DIARRHEA
U- URINATION
M- MICTURITION
B- BRONCHOCONSTRICTION

124
Q

SYMPATHETIC ANTAGONIST (BLOCKER)

A

BRADYCARDIA
HYPOTENSION (ORTHOSTATIC)
FATIGUE
DEPRESSION
PUPIL CONSTRICTION (OK FOR GLAUCOMA)
BRONCHOSPASMS (BAD WITH ASTHMA)

125
Q

CHOLINERGIC/PARASYMPATHETIC INDIRECT AGONISTS

A

TARGET ACETYLCHOLINEASTERASE (DESTROYS)
PREVENTS BREAKDOWN OF NT’S

126
Q

FDA

A

protecting public by assuring safety and efficency and security of FOOD (humans/animals), Meds, etc

Also advance PH by speeding innovations to make meds and food safer

127
Q

Grapefruit juice

A

Inhibits intestinal enzymes which
decreases drug metabolism so

the juice can Increase potency of some meds

128
Q

peak action

A

point of highest concentration

129
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

The process of drug movement throughout the body that is necessary for drug Action

130
Q

Protein Binding (distribution)

A

Each drug has a different affinity for plasma proteins

As free drug leaves circulation, protein bound medication is released

drugs in dynamic equilibrium

131
Q

Sympathetic NS (adrenergic)

A

Thoraco-lumbar

Norepinephrine (NT)

Enzymatic breakdown
-monoamine oxidase

132
Q

Autonomic NS Response

A

Increased
-HR & BP
Shunt blood to muscles
Dilate Bronchi
Mydriasis
Glycogenesis

133
Q

Cholinergic/Parasympathetic Bladder

A

Decreased
sphincter tone

Increased
Detrousor

134
Q

Adrenergic/sympathetic NON SELECTIVE AGONISTS

A

Epinephrine (A1,B1,B2)
Ephedrine (A1, B1, B2)
Norepinephrine (A1, B1)
Dopamine (A1, B1)
Pseudoephedrine (A1, B1)

135
Q

Veracity

A

Tell the truth

136
Q

water soluble drugs

A

need carrier
(enzyme/protein)

137
Q

CHOLINERGIC SYMPTOMS/SIDE EFFECTS:

A

DRY SYMPTOMS
(CANT PEE, SEE, SPIT, SHIT)

138
Q

SYMPATHETIC AGONIST

A

TACHYCARDIA
HYPERTENSION
DRY MOUTH
URINARY RETENTION
HYPERGLYCEMIA
TREMORS
ANXIETY/NERVOUSNESS
PUPIL DILATION
(NOT GOOD FOR PEOPLE WITH NARROW ANGLE GLAUCOMA)

139
Q

5 Medication Right

A

Right
-time
-route
-amount
-medication
-patient

140
Q

Loading Dose

A

Significantly higher than maintenence dose

given initially to achieve therapeutic levels while reaching “ready state”

141
Q

Asorption

A

Into the bloodstream
-across membranes
active/passive transport
concentration/energy/carrier

Interacts with:
-other meds
-GI bacteria
-food
-lifespan

142
Q

Generic Name

A

Nonproprietary name
-original name assigned to the drug at the beginning of the evaluation process

143
Q

BETA BLOCKER ACTION

A

BLOCKS BETA RECEPTORS IN THE HEART CAUSING:
DECREASED:
-HR
-FORCE OF CONTRACTION
-RATE OF AV CONDUCTION

144
Q

CHOLINERGIC/PARASYMPATHETIC DIRECT AGONISTS

A

TARGET PRODUCTION OF NT’S
STIMULATES RECEPTORS (DIRECTLY)

145
Q

Schedule 1

A

most potential for abuse and dependence
-no medical properties

Heroin, LSD, Marijuana

Nursing Pharmacology (11 decks)

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