Unit One - Chapter 2 + Notes

Question 0

What is the variable factor?

Answer 0

The factor being tested.

Question 1

What is a controlled experiment?

Answer 1

An experiment in which only one variable is being tested.

Question 2

What group involves the variable factor being tested?

Answer 2

The experimental group.

Question 3

What is the control group?

Answer 3

The group that is completely identical to the experiment group but doesn’t include the variable factor.

Question 4

How many kingdoms can algae be found in?

Answer 4

3 out of 5.

Question 5

What are the 5 levels of organization?

Answer 5

Cells > tissue > organs > systems > organism.

Question 6

What is a characteristic of a multicellular organisms cell?

Answer 6

The cells are highly specialized for particular functions. Example: human nerve cells

Question 7

What do the two basic components of the cell theory state?

Answer 7

1) cells, or products made by cells, are the units of structure and function in all organisms
2) all cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 8

Who is Leeuwenhoek?

Answer 8

A Dutch civil servant who designed a microscope to study bacteria and structures in small insects, etc. (year- 1650)

Question 9

Who is Hooke?

Answer 9

An Englishman who made microscopes. He examined a cork layer and observed rows of compartments. These compartments became known as cells. (Year- 1600s)

Question 10

Why did Hooke call the cork compartments cells?

Answer 10

They reminded him of cells in which monks lived in medieval monasteries.

Question 11

What are 4 points to describe prokaryotes?

Answer 11

• bacteria
• don’t have a membrane enclosing their DNA
• lack organelles
• very small (1-10um)

Question 12

What are 4 points to describe eukaryotes?

Answer 12

• usually have at least one membrane enclosed structure, the nucleus, which contains DNA
• contain organelles
• usually much larger than prokaryotes (10-100um)
• plants, animals, fungi, Protista kingdoms

Question 13

Lamarck’s Hypothesis:

1) _________present
2) Changes in _________
3) _______ _______ in response to the _____________
4) ___________ survive

Answer 13

1) organisms
2) the environment
3) organisms change, environment
4) all organisms

Question 14

Darwin’s hypothesis:

1) Populations of _________ with _______ present
2) _______ in the environment
3) organisms with _______ _______ are _______ ________
4) ________ ________ survive

Answer 14

1) Organisms, variations
2) changes
3) certain features, naturally selected
4) certain organisms (best fit)

Question 15

What are unicellular organisms?

Answer 15

Organisms that contain only one cell.

Question 16

Define evolution

Answer 16

Change through time. Is the biological process that links all species

Question 17

Define species

Answer 17

Organisms that are so close together, they can mate and produce offspring

Question 18

List 3 basic ways distinctness is maintained in species

Answer 18

Behavioural - wolf and fox
Geographical - Polar bears and Grizzly Bears
Physical differences - Great Dane and chihuahua

Question 19

What is reproductive isolation?

Answer 19

The inability of groups to interbreed successfully

Question 20

Define variations as they relate to evolution

Answer 20

Difference among individuals of the same species.

Ex: some dogs are big and some are small

Question 21

What is artificial selection? One example

Answer 21

Human intervention on the breeding of organisms with desirable traits
Ex: horses > pure bread with pure bread

Question 22

What is natural selection? One example

Answer 22

A population with most successful adaptation to their environment will reproduce.
Ex: Giraffes > long necks can reach more food

Question 23

Define adaptation in relation to evolution.

Answer 23

Characteristics of a species that enables them to survive and reproduce

Question 24

Example of Lamark’s theory of evolution

Answer 24

1. Giraffes have the same length neck
2. Change in environment gets them to change themselves like stretching their necks
3. Offspring have longer necks. Everyone survives

Question 25

Example of Darwin’s theory of evolution

Answer 25

1. Not all giraffes have the same length of neck
2. Change in environment allows giraffes with certain features to survive
3. Not all giraffes survive, only the best fit for the environment

Question 26

What is the definition of a hypothesis?

Answer 26

A hypothesis is a statement that explains an observation.

Question 27

What are light microscopes characteristics? (3)

Answer 27

Uses light passing through a thin specimen
Magnified through a lens system - 1500 times
Dyes are often helpful with this microscope

Question 28

What are characteristics of a phase-contract microscope? (2)

Answer 28

Special type of light microscope that increases the did fence between light and dark, making structures more visible.
Important in the study of living cells and cell division.

Question 28

What are characteristics of an electron microscope? (2)

Answer 28

Use electron beams rather than light beams to illuminate.

Enlarge structures as much as one million times to provide detail.