Unit 3 - Diversity Of Life Unit

Question 1

Characteristics of prokaryotes:
•No true _______ or _______ ______
•________, circular chromosomes of DNA
•_____ organelles
•Chlorophyll, if present, _____ in chloroplasts
•cell wall, if present, containing ______ or other substances
•No _______ in flagella of most forms

Answer 1

• nucleus, nucleic membrane
• single
• small
• no
• murein
• micro tubules

Question 2

Bacterial cells have 3 shapes. List and describe these shapes.

Answer 2

Bacilli- rod shaped
Cocci - spherical
Spirilla - spiral shaped

Question 3

List 4 characteristics of algal protists.

Answer 3

Mainly unicellular producers
Chlorophyll and other pigments are located in chloroplasts
Mostly aquatic
Classified into phyla on the basis of color and structure

Question 4

List 5 characteristics of protozoan protists.

Answer 4

Unicellular, animal like organisms
Most can move and are classified into phyla based on how they move
Heterotrophs and may have special features for obtaining food
Some actively trap food while others are parasites
Undergo both sexual and asexual reproduction

Question 5

List 5 characteristics of slime mold protists.

Answer 5

Unique life cycle with features of Protozoa and fungi
Some stages are unicellular and others are multicellular
In some species the life cycle begins as a plasmodium
A slime mold plasmodium very slowly oozes along the forest floor
The plasmodium takes in organic matter by phagocytosis

Question 6

List 5 characteristics of Kingdom Fungi.

Answer 6

Plant like in that many are stationary
Heterotrophic - lack chlorophyll
Since they cannot move to capture food the become parasites or saprophytes
Most true fungi have filamentous stalks called hyphae
Are classified on the basis of spore producing structures

Question 7

List the 4 different types of fungi.

Answer 7

Sporangium fungi
Club fungi
Sac fungi
Lichens

Question 8

Land plants are classified into 2 major phyla. List them.

Answer 8

Bryophytes and tracheophytes

Question 9

Define vascular tissue.

Answer 9

Transport food, water, and minerals throughout plant

Question 10

What is phylum tracheophyta’s common name and habitat?

Answer 10

Club mosses/horsetails

Moist areas on land

Question 11

Define innate behavior.

Answer 11

Inherited behavior which in under direct genetic control

Question 12

List and describe 3 of the 5 examples of innate behavior.

Answer 12

Reflexes- determined by the fixed pathways of the nervous system
Instinct- an innate behavior involving a set of complicated responses
Biological clocks- control animal activities related to time, may be “set” according to environmental stimuli

Question 13

Define learned behavior.

Answer 13

Behavior that can be changed.

Question 14

List define and describe 3 of the 5 examples of learned behavior.

Answer 14

Trial and error - a simple form of learning in which motivation, reward, and punishment are important aspects - an earthworms in a T maze will learn to enter the dark moist chamber with a reward of food to avoid the electrodes
Type II Conditioning - the animal learns a voluntary response to achieve the desired effect (reward) - by rewarding your dog after doing a trick, the likelihood of your dog repeating the trick is increased by rewarding it
Imprinting - form of learning related to instinctive behavior - young birds normally imprint on their mother

Question 15

List and describe the 2 types of social behaviors.

Answer 15

Social hierarchies- is composed of levels of authority- once established the order in society is increased
Territoriality- involves the occupation and defense of definite areas - often enable a male to attract a mate (dominant male)

Question 16

List the 2 major groups of bacteria within the kingdom Monera.

Answer 16

Archaebacteria and eubacteria

Question 17

Define binomial nomenclature.

Answer 17

A two term naming system used for classifying organisms

Question 18

Describe Aristotle’s early classification system.

Answer 18

Divided organisms into two groups -plants and animals
Based plants on structure - herbs, shrubs, trees
Based animals on habitat - air, land, sea

Question 19

In binomial nomenclature, what are 3 points about the genus.

Answer 19

First word
Capitalized
Noun

Question 20

In binomial nomenclature, what are 3 points about the species?

Answer 20

Second word
Not capitalized
Adjective

Question 21

List the five kingdoms.

Answer 21

Animalea 
Plantae 
Monera
Fungi
Protista

Question 22

Fill in this eukaryote table:
•True nucleus and nuclear membrane
•______, _______ chromosomes of DNA and protein
•Have organelles
•Chlorophyll, if present, in chloroplasts
•Cell wall, if present, made of different substances
•________ in flagella of all forms

Answer 22

Several, linear

Micro tubules

Question 23

List 2 of the 4 roles bacteria plays in human economy.

Answer 23

Used in the dairy industry
Used to convert alcohol to vinegar
Today’s antibiotics are produced by bacteria
Break down material holding together cellulose fibers in plants

Question 24

List the three main groups of kingdom Protista.

Answer 24

Slime molds
Algal protists
Protozoa protists

Question 25

List 2 of the 3 major features of Bryophytes.

Answer 25

Small size
Lack of specialized tissues for transport of materials
Lack of true roots stems and leaves

Question 26

List 2 of the 3 major features of tracheophytes

Answer 26

Have vascular tissue
Have true roots stems and leaves
Not restricted to moist habitats

Question 27

List 3 of the 5 major features of modern Arthropods

Answer 27

• segmented body covered by an exoskeleton
• pairs of jointed appendages
• well organized muscles with definite points of attachment to the exoskeleton
• body segments in most forms fused into distinct body regions - head, thorax, abdomen
• specialized mouthparts

Question 28

What kind of fertilization do jawless fish have?

Answer 28

External

Question 29

Is a Chondrichthyes an endotherm or ectotherm?

Answer 29

Ectotherm

Question 30

Fertilization for 1. Chondrichthyes, 2. Osteichthyes, 3. Amphibians, 4. Reptiles, 5. Aves, 6. Mammalia

Answer 30

1. internal
2. external
3. external
4. internal
5. internal
6. internal

Question 31

What is the limb structure of mammalia?

Answer 31

Two pairs of legs, claws in most forms