unit one.

Question 1

what is a microbiome

Answer 1

• not a closed system
• possible for organisms to move (air to water)

Question 2

microorganism

Answer 2

microscopic form of life bacteria and fungi

Question 3

what are the types of microbiomes

Answer 3

• oceans
• soil
• human body
• atmospheric microbiome- air
• deep earth microbiome

Question 4

roles of ocean microbiome

Answer 4

• creates foundation of all marine food webs
• through photosynthesis provides 50% of the oxygen gas we breath to stay alive
• controls atmospheric aerosols and cloud formation
• consumes 50% of dead plant matter

Question 5

soil microbiome influences

Answer 5

• carry out 90% biochemical reactions occurring in the soil
• degrades pesticides and other synthetic pollutants
• provides plants with access to important nutrients
  -recycles dead plant matter- returing carbon to the atmosphere

Question 6

atmospheric microbiome

Answer 6

helps formation of raindrops and snowflakes
- effects chemical composition in the atmosphere
- influences wether conditions

Question 7

deep earth microbiome

Answer 7

• degrades pollutants
• alters chemical makeup of minerals

Question 8

human body microbiome

Answer 8

• each person has a unique microbiome specific to them- identical twins would be different
• human fetus is free of most microbes until birth, immediately after birth- populated with microbiomes ‘

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Question 9

Properties of living organisms

Answer 9

DNA for cell function and reproduction
Metabolism. DNA controls metabolism. Requires Uptake of energy

REPRODUCTION- genetic info replicated and passing on during cell devsuon

RESPONSE TO STIMULI- interact with environment by responding to stimuli

EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTION- changes over time provided- best suited to environment and best chance of survival.

Question 10

Microbiology pioneers. Hooke

Answer 10

• used early microscope
• discovered cells “cells” (rooms)

Question 11

Microbiology pioneers : Pasteur
What is there solution to souring of wine.

Answer 11

• trained as chemists
• focused his study on fermentation
• Yeast are living agents- not a chemical process- biological one
• mixing yeast in sugar- water solution (absence of air. Yeast multiplied. Converted sugar to alcohol)
• explained that wines and beans contained specific type of microorganisms
  Sour wines contained bacteria cells— cause the souring
  Solution. gently heat to kill bacteria cells but not alter the wines quality
  PASTEURIZATION

Infections come from microorganisms in the environment

Question 12

Microbiology pioneers. Leeuwenhock

Answer 12

Developed better microscope
- described hundreds of moving particles. Named them ANIMALCULES - first description of bacteria

Question 13

Microbiology pioneers. Koch

Answer 13

Main focus. Anthrax causing germ- disease in cattle and sheep
Koch postulates. Formal standard for implicating specific germ with specific disease

Question 14

Bacteria.

Answer 14

Prokaryotes— unicellular
Have cell wall.
Food from environment. Make their own by photosynthesis

Question 15

Archea

Answer 15

Procaryotes.
Described as bacteria.
Live in extreme environments

Question 16

Protist

Answer 16

Eukaryotes.
Have membrane bound organelles. Cell membrane
- absorb nutrients from surrounding environments or injust small microorganisms
- most are himarless
- some pathogens to humans

Question 17

Fungi.

Answer 17

Non photosynthetic eukaryotes. Have cell wall
Some grow unicellular yeast or mold

Digestive enzymes that breakdown nutrients
Major environmental decomposiser
Used in pharmacy and food industry

Question 18

Viruse.

Answer 18

Lack cellular structure. Not organisms.
Have genetic material. DNA. RNA.
Must infect another organism in order to replicate
- don’t have the genetic material or chemical building blocks to build