Lecture 6 Flashcards
What is the flagella function. Eukaryotic vs prokaryotic
- wave like “wiping” motion
- propell cell through liquid
“Swim to places “- eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic - more rotational movement- more propeller like rather than swimming
Cilia
Many on outside of the cell
Short hair like. Filter and catch food. Wave like synchronicity
Cell walls.
What are they made of.
Fungi. Made of chitin
Algae. Made of cellulose
Support. Prevent swelling and ruptures
Plasma membrane
- separates internal and external environment
- regulation of material in and out
Facilitated transport and active transport
Nucleus
Genetic material. DNA.
Genes for growth reproduction and metabolism
Chromatin. Non dividing cells
Enclosed by nuclear envoppe.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes attached to. Rough ER
Proteins transported
Smooth ER- no ribosomes attached, smooth transport
Golgi apparatus
- stacks of flattened membranes
- sorts and packages proteins and lipids from ER
- transports to another area
Lysosomes
Digestive enzymes
Cytoskeleton.
- structure to assist transport
3 types of proteins
- Mircotubuals
- tracks for intracellulad transport - Intermediate filaments
- anchor organelle in space - Mircofillament
- Allow movement cell membrane
Mitochondria
Carry out respiration
- convert chemical energy to cellular energy (ATP)
- can replicate independently and produce proteins
Chloroplast
Photosynthesis. Capture light energy and covert it to chemical energy (sugars)
Can replicate independently and produce proteins. Have circular DNA and ribosomes
Tree of life. Endomembrane development
1 billion years after PROKARYOTES
EUKARYOTES appeared
Evolved.
- separate compartments in cytoplasm form
- eveovled from original cell
- with these evolutionary changes— Separates metabolic process. And more surface area for reactions
What is endosymbiosis
ATP producing bacteria cell ENGULFED by primitive eukaryote
Bacteria cell stays. And becomes partners. Than mitochondria is evolved
Distinctive differences with fungi
Fungal walls. Contain chitin
Fungi do not have chloroplast
Two body forms. Multicellular and unicellular
MOLDS
Unicellular yeast
Fungal pathogens can change form= dimorphic
- grows as living mold
- body temp can convert to yeast
MOLDS- distinctive structure of fungi
What is hyphae. Septae. Coencoytic. Mycelium.
Hyphae= individual filaments
Septae - with cross walls- pore allow mixing of contents
Coenocytic- without pore walls
Mycelium- inter woven mat of hyphae
- may be below ground or buried in nutrient source
How does fungi grow
DECOMPOSER- break down. Recycle dead organic matter (bio films)
LICHENS - fungus and photobiont partner help each other survive in harsh conditions.
MYCORRHIZE- soli fungi and vascular plant root
Supply each other with nutrients plant grow better
How does fungi reproduction work
Asexual.
In molds. Genetic identical spores released or hyphae fragments into segments
In yeast. Budding if cell
Creates vast diversity
Budding. New organism develop from an outgrowth or bud on the parent organism
- bud emerge from parent cell Grow and separate into new individual
Asexual spore. Spores contain genetic information from parent. Survive in harsh conditions.
Fragmentation. New organism grows from a fragment of parents body
How does sexual fungi reproduction work
Mushroom dirgaram.
- hyphae from opposing mating types fuse to produce spores
- increases genetic diversity
How is human fungus regulated.
Bacteria keeps fungus growth in check.
Antibiotics kill resident bacteria.
Fungus can overgrow. Cause dysbiosis (in-balance in bacteria composition. Change in bacterial metabolic activities.)
What is trophozoite?
Active feeding stage for protist
- absorbing food from host
- illness and disease. Growth portion
What is a Cyst
Dormant stage
Unfavourable growth conditions
Tough outer covering- resistance to drying out and chemicals
- cyst opens when favourable conditions return and release trophizoite
What is coencytic
No separatation of cell wall in hyphae
My
Mycelium
Interwoven mat of hyphae
- may be below ground or buried in nutrient source
