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Social Studies > Unit One > Flashcards

Unit One Flashcards

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1
Q

Principles of individualism

A 
-rule of law
-Individual rights and freedoms
-private property
-economic freedom
-self interest
-competition
-Limited government
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2
Q

Thomas Hobbes✅

A

- English philosopher.
- wrote Leviathan 1651
- Humans are selfish
- Without government life is poor, brutish, and short
- sacrifice some/all freedoms for for a secure state
- believed in an absolute ruler, effective government must be absolute
- collectivist.

Power is designated to one individual

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3
Q

 John Locke✅

A
  • English philosopher.
    - Believed the state of nature of humans was Rational and reasonable
  • A sence of/ his Version Social Contract: citizens consent to be governed - willing to sacrifice some freedoms for security and protection of property
  • supported overthrowing inadequate government
  • supported natural rights: Liberty, life, health, property
    - supported democracy
  • Individualist.

Society should be governed but the people should have the ability to overthrow government, private property 

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4
Q

Jean-jacques Rousseau✅

A

-Swiss philosopher
- wrote and created the Social Contract: Authority came from the governed, Who remained free because they all give up equal sovereignty
-people are corrupted by civilization
- felt rich would take advantage of the poor
- argued against class system
- supported direct democracy, The sovereign is the people, Government enacts the general will
-mixture of individualist and collectivist

Social contract meaning authorities with the people, Direct democracy


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5
Q

Baron de Montesquieu✅

A
  • supported division of government  legislative,  executive, judicial
  • believed in the worth of the individual, The equality of individuals, and accountability of government
  • separation of powers and established laws create legitimate government
    - three branches are separate but dependent so one cannot overrule the other two
    - Tyranny is created through absolute rule
    
    Separation of power
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6
Q

Adam Smith✅

A
  •  support capitalism
  • minimal state, Government shouldn’t manage economy, should only guarantee contracts (negative freedoms)
  • individuals should work in their own self interest, which in a free market will strengthen economy and benefit society
  • supported minimalist state
  • supported free-market
  • Government roles should be to maintain rule of law, social contracts, and provide basic public infrastructure

 capitalism and minimal government, invisible hand: The free market would manage itself

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7
Q

John Stuart Mill✅

A
  • believed in freedom of speech
  • Best actions maximize happiness
  • supported  liberalism
  • Harm principle: Power is used to prevent a person from harming another
  • supported indavidal freedoms
  • early feminist
  • wanted to protected individual freedoms and decision making

Harm principal


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8
Q

Characteristics of ideology✅

A
  • human nature
  • nature and structure of society
  • interpretation of history
    - visions of the future
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9
Q

What was the enlightenment✅

A

The age of reason - 17th and 18th centuries paved the way for classic Liberalism

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10
Q

Laizzes-Faire economics✅

A

to leave alone, referred to the reduction of government involvement in the economy

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11
Q

Nouveau riche✅

A

Newly rich 

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12
Q

 socialism✅

A 
Value economic equality among citizens
Humanitarianism
 Resources should be controlled by the public for the benefit of everyone


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13
Q

Marxism✅

A

Karl Marx

a political and economic theory where a society has no classes. Every person within the society works for a common good, and class struggle is theoretically gone

From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs

Believed the working class was exploited by the upper class, The owners of production

Radical form of Socialism

The abolition of private property and the centralizing of the means of production in the hands of the state

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14
Q

Classic conservatism- Edmond Burke✅

A

 change could not be dictated by the present generations, change has to honour the past and future government

reactionary

Wanted to return to previous state

Believe the decision should be made when considering the legacy of the past

Revolutions were wrong

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15
Q

Welfare capitalism✅

A

A classic liberal economic system combined with the government legislation to give protection to workers

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16
Q

The great depression✅

A

Was a direct result of the free market economic system



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17
Q

Left vs Right✅

A 
Left
-  radical
- complete rejection of the political and economic traditions of the past
- collectivism
-  communism
-  socialism
-  positive freedom
Right
-  reactionary
-  individualist
- opposing change
- often idealizes The past and excepts economic any quality
-tradition
-  inequality
- fascism
-  negative freedoms
18
Q

Utopian socialist✅

A

 humanitarians who advocated for peaceful social ownership of the means of production

Robert Owen, Charles fourier, Claude st. Simon, Horace Greedly

19
Q

The great law of peace✅

A

Supported individualist qualities found in the American Constitution, principles such as equal participation as well as guaranteeing certain rights and freedoms were given to the Iroquois confederacy and provided influence to the American Constitution

20
Q

Robert Owens✅

A

 created New Lanark, a cotton mill thats working conditions mirrored utopian socialist

21
Q

Three early reform movements ⁉️

A

Populists- 
Socialist
Progressives

Opposes classic liberalism

22
Q

Muckrakers✅

A

American writers and journalist that tried to show the reality of inequality in America

23
Q

 Theodore Roosevelt✅

A

Consumer protection
 corporate regulation
  conservationism

The square deal: fair deals  between factory owners and workers

Investigated trusts and taxed monopolies and unfair trusts

Business regulations: meat inspection act, Limited railroad monopolys

Environmental regulation: designated land to protect natural resources

24
Q

 Sherman antitrust act✅

A

Outlawed monopoly business practices, prohibited trusts

25
Q

Taft✅

A

Supported and used Sherman antitrust act

Broke up sugar and tobacco trusts

Supported income tax

26
Q

Wilson✅

A

 reforms

Established private banking

Universal suffrage for women

Reduced child labour

27
Q

When we’re all Woman given the right to vote✅

A

1960

28
Q

Why were women denied vote✅

A

Religious reasons

Governed by the  uterus

29
Q

Progressive era ✅

A

A period of widespread social activism and political reform. Main objectives of the era we’re addressing problems caused by industrialization,  urbanization,  immigration, and social corruption

30
Q

 Gilded Age✅

A

The time period in Between the civil and first world war in which The US population and economy grew quickly. There was lots of political corruption and corporate financial misdealings and many wealthy people lived fancy lives.

31
Q

Social Darwinism✅

A

social Darwinism, the theory that human groups and races are subject to the same laws of natural selection as Charles Darwin perceived in plants and animals in nature

Individuals Who failed did so because of their own weakness

32
Q

Franklen D Roosevelt✅

A

a series of programs and projects instituted during the Great Depression by President Franklin D. Roosevelt that aimed to restore prosperity to Americans.

to stabilize the economy and provide jobs and relief to those who were suffering.

33
Q

Tommy Douglas✅

A

Brought the CCF to power in Saskatchewan  and first brought up public healthcare

34
Q

Milton Friedman✅

A

Monetarism is a school of thought in monetary economics that emphasizes the role of governments in controlling the amount of money in circulation

35
Q

Ovide Mercredi✅

A

In 1995 Mercredi—representing some 1.5 million Indigenous people from more than 600 bands across Canada—repeatedly espoused his belief that “aboriginal people, as the land’s original inhabitants, have inherent rights to self-government

36
Q

Demand side economics✅

A

Keynesian economics

37
Q

Conservative✅

A

Adverse to change or innovation and holding traditional values

38
Q

Voltaire✅

A

Question everything

39
Q

Thomas Carlyle✅

A

The rule of all life was that life was ruled by inequality, he believed ruling should be left to the most confident members of society.

40
Q

American revolution✅

A

The campaign by the American colonies to gain independence from Britain. Began 1760

41
Q

French Revolution✅

A

An uprising in France against the monarchy from 1789 to 1799 which resulted in the establishment of France as a republic

42
Q

Enclosure act✅

A

The abolishing of the open field system of agriculture which forced small farmers into factories and big cities

Social Studies (14 decks)

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