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Biology 120 > Unit III Test > Flashcards

Unit III Test Flashcards

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1
Q

When does Meiosis occur? When does Mitosis occur?

A

Meiosis occurs only with sex cells. Mitosis occurs with every other cell, for growth, repair and replace old cells with new cells.

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2
Q

How many chromosomes are in human body cell?

A

Humans have 46 total chromosomes arranged in two sets of each.

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3
Q

What is Mitosis?

A

The distribution of identical genetic material to two daughter cells.

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4
Q

what is a chromosome?

A

The organized structure of DNA

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5
Q

What is a chromatid?

A

One of the identical parts of the chromosome after the cell goes through the S-phase (DNA duplication part) of the cell cycle.

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6
Q

Independent Assortment

A

Meiosis results in a random assortment of genes.

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7
Q

Crossing over

A

Homologous chromosomes pair up (synapsis). During Prophase I and may exchange portions of chromosomes

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8
Q

What is a zygote?

A

A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes, a fertilized ovum.

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9
Q

What an allele?

A

An allele is an alternative version of gene located on a specific of a specific hormone.

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10
Q

What is a gene?

A

A gene is a segment of DNA located on a specific site on a specific chromosome that contains information for producing a particular protein (polypeptide)

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11
Q

What is allopatric speciation?

A

when a population is divided into geographically isolated subpopulations (mountains, rivers, glaciers) or ones that colonize new locations

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12
Q

What is sympatric speciation?

A

the evolution of a new species from a surviving ancestral species while both continue to inhabit the same geographic region. For example, Finches

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13
Q

What is disruptive selection?

A

This occurs when conditions favor individuals at both extremes a phenotypic range over individuals with intermediate phenotypes.

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14
Q

What is stabilizing selection?

A

Acts against both extreme phenotypes and intermediate favors variants. This mode of selection reduces variation and tends to maintain the status quo for a particular phenotypic character.

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15
Q

What is a genome?

A

It is one whole set of all the genes plus all of the DNA the genes.

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16
Q

What is polyploidy?

A

It is an accidents during cell division. It is also an heritable condition of possessing more than two complete sets of chromosomes.

17
Q

What is speciation?

A

It is the process of becoming a separate species, over time. (evolution)

18
Q

Diploid= (2n)

A

a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes.

19
Q

Haploid= (n)

A

A cell that contains a single set of genes (sex cells, bacteria,)

20
Q

What is a gamete?

A

It is sex cells (egg, sperm)

21
Q

What is chromatin?

A

it is unraveled DNA

22
Q

What is cytokinesis

A

the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.

23
Q

What is genetic drift?

A

is the chance/luck of survival that is not determined by fitness, phenotype, behaviors, etc. Ex: natural disasters occurring in the wrong at the wrong time.

24
Q

What is sexual selection?

A

A process in which individuals with certain inherited characteristics are likely than other individuals of the same sex to obtain mates.

25
Q

What is convergent evolution?

A

convergent evolution is the process whereby organisms not closely related (not monophyletic), independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches.

26
Q

Interphase (meiosis)

A

DNA unravels and is copied

27
Q

Prophase (meiosis)

A

DNA rewinds and forms back into chromosomes

28
Q

Metaphase (meiosis)

A

Chromosomes line up in the middle and spindle fibers attach to the centromere of the chromosome

29
Q

Anaphase (meiosis)

A

Copied chromosomes begin to pull apart from each other

30
Q

Telephase (meiosis)

A

Two newly formed cells begin splitting

31
Q

Cytokenisis

A

When the cell completely split apart

32
Q

What is directional selection

A

One extreme phenotype is more fit than all the other phenotypes.

33
Q

What is The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

A

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.

34
Q

What is a prezygotic barrier?

A

A reproductive barrier that impedes mating between species or hinders fertilization if interspecific mating is attempted.

35
Q

What is a postzygotic barrier?

A

a reproductive barrier that prevents hybrid zygotes produced by two different species from developing into viable, fertile adults.

Biology 120 (3 decks)

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