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Embryology > Unit II > Flashcards

Unit II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 masses of mesoderm?

A

Paraxial mesoderm
Intermediate mesoderm
Lateral mesoderm

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2
Q

What are the two divisions of the lateral mesoderm

A

Somatic and splanchnic

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3
Q

Where do cardiac progenitor cells lie?

A

In the epiblast lateral to the primitive streak

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4
Q

What develops from the primary heart field?

A

Forms the atria, left ventricle and part of the right ventricle

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5
Q

What forms from the secondary heart field?

A

Bulbous cordis, truncus arteriosus and the rest of the right ventricle

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6
Q

Islands unite to form a horse-shoe shaped endothelial lined tube surrounded myoblast is known as the ________

A

Cardiogenic field

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7
Q

The body cavity over the cardiogenic field is the ________ cavity

A

Pericardial cavity

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8
Q

What are the 5 dilations of the linear heart?

A 
Sinus venosus
Embryonic atrium
Embryonic ventricle 
Bulbous cordis
Truncus arteriosus
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9
Q

What separates the sinus venosus from the embryonic atrium

A

Sinoatrial valves

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10
Q

What separates the embryonic atrium from the embryonic ventricle

A

Atrioventricular cushions

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11
Q

What separates the embryonic ventricle from the bulbous cordis?

A

Proximal bulbar swellings

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12
Q

What separates the bulbous cordis from the truncus arteriosus?

A

Distal bulbar swellings

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13
Q

The sinus venosus recieves blood from what?

A

The right and left sinus horns

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14
Q

The right and left venous horns receive blood from what 3 veins?

A

Vitelline vein
Umbilical vein
Cardinal vein

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15
Q

The venous system undergoes a _____ ___ _____ _____ which results in the closure of the right umbilical vein and the left vitelline vein

A

Shift to the right

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16
Q

The left sinus horn loses its importance from the shift to the right of the venous system which causes the left sinus horn to form the ________ vein and the _______ ______

A

Oblique vein and the coronary sinus

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17
Q

The right sinus horn forms the smooth walled portion of the RA also known as the _________

A

Sinus venareum

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18
Q

The entrance of the right sinus horn into the RA is marked by what?

A

The right and left venous valves

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19
Q

R and L venous valves fuse and form what?

A

Septum spurium

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20
Q

What two components are important in septation of the atria?

A

Septum spurium and left venous valve

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21
Q

The inferior part of the right venous valve gives rise to what?

A

Valve of inferior vena cava

Valve of coronary sinus

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22
Q

What is the dividing line between the sinus venareum portion of the atrium and the trabeculated wall of the embryonic atrium?

A

Crista terminalis

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23
Q

Smooth walled portion int he RA develops from the ________ to form the _______

A

Sinus venosus

Sinus venareum

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24
Q

The smooth walled portion in the left atria develops from the _________

A

Pulmonary vein

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25
Q

The superior and inferior atrioventricular cardial cushions grow toward each other and fuse to form what?

A

R and L atrioventricular canals

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26
Q

The muscular portion of the interventricular septum grows toward the endocardial cushion but never reaches it and results in an _________ _______

A

Interventricular foramen

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27
Q

What is the closure of the interventricular foramen due to?

A

Due to the development of the membranous part of the interventricular septum which comes from the inferior surface of the endocardial cushion

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28
Q

The R superior truncus swelling and left inferior truncus swelling grow toward each other and finally fuse to form what?

A

Aorticopulmonary septum

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29
Q

What does the aorticopulmonary septum separate?

A

The pulmonary trunk and the aorta

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30
Q

The anterolateral portion of the bulbous cordis forms what?

A

The outflow channel of RA

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31
Q

The posteromedial portion of the bulbous cordis forms what?

A

Forms the outflow channel of the left ventricle

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32
Q

______ _____ provide blood to pharyngeal arches

A

Aortic arches

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33
Q

______ ______ supply the yolk sac

A

Vitelline arteries

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34
Q

______ ______ send blood to the placenta

A

Umbilical arteries

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35
Q

Where do the aortic arches develop from?

A

The aortic sac at the most distal portion of the truncus arteriosus

36
Q

What does the aortic sac give rise to?

A

The right and left horns

37
Q

The right horn forms _________

The left horn forms _______

A

Right horn forms the brachiocephalic trunk

Left horn forms the proximal aortic arch

38
Q

Vitelline artery in the adult forms the blood supply to what?

A

GI tract (celiac and superior mesenteric arteries)

39
Q

What do the umbilical arteries persist as in the adult

A

The medial umbilical ligament and the inferior mesenteric artery

40
Q

Anterior cardinal veins drain _______ of embryo

A

Cephalic end

41
Q

________ cardinal veins drain into the sinus horns

A

Common

42
Q

_______ veins drain the kidney

A

Subcardinal

43
Q

______ veins drain the lower limb

A

Sacrocardinal veins

44
Q

_______ veins drain body wall via intercostal veins taking over the function of posterior cardinal veins

A

Supracardinal veins

45
Q

What forms the left brachiocephalic vein?

A

Anastomoses of the anterior cardinal veins

46
Q

What forms the superior vena cava?

A

R common cardinal vein and proximal part of the R anterior cardinal vein

47
Q

What forms the left renal vein?

A

Anastomoses of subcardinal veins

48
Q

What forms the left gonadal vein?

A

Distal part of left subcardinal vein

49
Q

What forms the left common iliac vein?

A

Anastomoses of sacrocardinal vein

50
Q

What supports the GI tract to the posterior body wall?

A

Dorsal mesentery

51
Q

What is found only from the distal esophagus to the proximal duodenum?

A

Ventral mesentery

52
Q

What is the blood supply to the foregut?

A

Celiac artery

53
Q

What gradually separates the respiratory diverticulum into the ventral trachea and distal esophagus

A

Tracheoesophageal septum

54
Q

The posterior wall of the stomach forms the________

The anterior wall of the stomach forms the _________

A

Greater curvature

Lesser curvature

55
Q

The rotation along the longitudinal axis pulls the dorsal mesogastrium to the left and forms the _______ _____

A

Omental bursa

56
Q

How is the stomach attached to the body walls?

A

Through the dorsal and ventral mesogastrium

57
Q

The dorsal mesogastrium will form the ________

The ventral mesogastrium will form the ________

A

Greater omentum

Lesser omentum

58
Q

The terminal portion of the foregut and the cephalic portion of the hind gut form the_______

A

Duodenum

59
Q

The liver is found in the _______ ______

A

Ventral mesogastrium

60
Q

The area of the liver that forms a direct contact with the septum transverse has no peritoneal covering is referred to as the _______

A

Bare area

61
Q

Pancreas develops from 2 buds: ______ and _______

A

Ventral and dorsal

62
Q

The dorsal pancreatic bud forms in the _______ _______

The ventral pancreatic duct develops near the ________ _____

A

Dorsal mesentery

Bile duct

63
Q

What does the ventral bud form?

A

The uncinate process and the main pancreatic duct

64
Q

The dorsal bud of the pancreas develops into what?

A

The body and tail of the pancreas

65
Q

Dorsal pancreatic duct forms what?

A

the major part of the pancreatic duct and accessory pancreatic duct

66
Q

Ventral pancreatic duct forms what?

A

The proximal part of the main pancreatic duct

67
Q

The midgut communicates with the yolk sac via ________

A

The vitelline duct

68
Q

When the midgut enters the umbilical cord, what is it called?

A

Physiological herniation

69
Q

The midgut rotates _______ degrees counter clockwise around the superior mesenteric artery
______ degrees occurs during herniation
______ degrees occurs during regression

A

270 degrees
90 degrees
180 degrees

70
Q

At the time of regression of the midgut, what part enters first and what part enters last?

A

Proximal jejunum enters first to left part of abdomen

The cecal bud is the last area to return to the right inferior part of the abdomen

71
Q

Terminal part of the hindgut enters the _____

A

Cloaca

72
Q

The cloaca is the common end of what two components?

A

The anorectal canal and the allantois (urogential sinus)

73
Q

What is the layer of mesoderm called that separates the allantois and anorectal canal in the hindgut?

A

Urorectal septum

74
Q

Urorectal septum eventually will form what?

A

The perineum

75
Q 
The caudal (1/3) part of the anal canal is derived from \_\_\_\_\_
The cranial (2/3) part of the anal canal is derived from \_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Ectoderm

Endoderm

76
Q

What is the blood supply to the caudal part of the anal canal? The cranial part of the anal canal?

A

The inferior rectal arteries

The superior rectal arteries

77
Q

The ______ part of the anal canal contains stratified squamous epithelium and voluntary muscles
The _____ part of the anal canal contains columnar cells and is involuntary

A

Caudal

Cranial

78
Q

What separates the cranial and caudal anal canal?

A

Pectinate line

79
Q

What is the junction called that the thyroid gland develops from?

A

The foramen cecum

80
Q

The thyroid gland depends in front of the pharynx, stays attached to tongue through the _________

A

Thyroglossal duct (will disappear)

81
Q

What is made up of maxillary and mandibular prominences?

A

Facial prominence

82
Q

Where are the frontonasal prominences located at?

A

Superior border of stomodeum

83
Q

Nasal placodes are on either side of frontonasal prominences and invaginate to form ________

A

Nasal pits

84
Q

What first separates the maxillary and lateral nasal prominences?

A

Nasolacrimal groove

85
Q

The nasolacrimal groove will be closed and form the _________

A

Nasolacrimal duct

86
Q

What are the 3 components that will form the nose?

A

Frontonasal prominence
Merged medial nasal prominences
Lateral nasal prominences

87
Q

The point of meeting of the secondary palate is marked by what structure?

A

Incisive foramen

Embryology (4 decks)

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