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Organic Chemistry > UNIT II > Flashcards

UNIT II Flashcards

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1
Q

are a characteristic feature of organic molecules
that behave in a predictable way

A

Functional groups

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2
Q

are composed of an atom or group of atoms

A

Functional groups

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3
Q

are groups that replace a H in the corresponding
alkane

A

Functional groups

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4
Q

provide a way to classify families of organic
compounds

A

Functional groups

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5
Q

______ contain a double bond between adjacent carbon atoms.

A

Alkenes

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6
Q

______ contain a triple bond.

A

Alkynes

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7
Q

______ contain a benzene ring.

A

Aromatic compounds

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8
Q

An ______ contains the hydroxyl (–OH) functional group.

A

alcohol

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9
Q

In an ______, an oxygen atom is bonded to two carbon atoms (–C–O–C–).

A

ether

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10
Q

In a ______, the functional group -SH is bonded to a carbon atom.

A

thiol

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11
Q

An ______ contains a carbonyl group (C=O), which
is a carbon atom with a double bond to an oxygen atom, attached to at least one hydrogen.

A

aldehyde

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12
Q

In a ______, the carbon of the carbonyl group is attached to two other carbon atoms.

A

ketone

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13
Q

______ contain the carboxyl group, which is a carbonyl group attached to a hydroxyl group.

A

Carboxylic acids

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14
Q

An ______ contains the carboxyl group between carbon atoms.

A

ester

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15
Q

In an ______, the functional group is a nitrogen atom.

A

amine

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16
Q

In an ______, the hydroxyl group of a carboxylic acid is replaced by a nitrogen group.

A

amide

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17
Q

Compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms

A

Hydrocarbon

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18
Q

Compound that contains carbon and hydrogen and one or more additional elements

A

Hydrocarbon derivative

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19
Q

Hydrocarbon in which all carbon–carbon bonds are single bonds

A

Saturated hydrocarbon

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20
Q

Hydrocarbon with one or more carbon–carbon multiple bonds
- Double bonds, triple bonds, or both

A

Unsaturated hydrocarbon

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21
Q

______ are compounds that only contain C and H atoms.

A

Hydrocarbons

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22
Q

Types of Saturated Hydrocarbons

A
  1. Alkanes
  2. Cycloalkanes
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23
Q

• are compounds composed only of carbon and hydrogen and single bonds
• are saturated with hydrogen (no more can be added)
• General formula: CnH2n+2

A

Alkanes

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24
Q

• ring-like structure (alicyclic)
• General formula: CnH2n

A

Cycloalkanes

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25
Q

Types of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

A
  1. Alkenes
  2. Alkynes
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26
Q

• are compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen and at least one double
bond
• General formula: CnH2n

A

Alkenes

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27
Q

• are compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen and at least one triple bond
• General formula: CnH2n-2

A

Alkynes

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28
Q

______ have the general formula CnH2n+2 where n = 1,2,3,…

A

Alkanes

29
Q

only single covalent bonds

A

Alkanes

30
Q

they are saturated hydrocarbons because they contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms that can bond with the number of carbon atoms in the molecule

A

Alkanes

31
Q

names of alkanes are determined by the ______ system

A

IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)

32
Q

IUPAC Prefixes 1-10

A

Meth
Eth
Prop
But
Pent
Hex
Hept
Oct
Non
Dec

33
Q

formula that gives the number of each kind of atom in a compound

A

Molecular Formula

34
Q

formula that provides the bonding arrangement of atoms in a molecule

A

Structural Formula

35
Q

Alkanes are written with ______ that are
- expanded to show each bond
- condensed to show each carbon atom and the
attached hydrogen atoms

A

structural formulas

36
Q

Because each C atom has a tetrahedral arrangement, the order of atoms is not a straight
line, but a ______.

A

zigzag pattern

37
Q

A ______ abbreviates the carbon atoms
and shows only the zigzag pattern of bonds from
carbon atom to carbon atom.

A

line-bond formula

38
Q

Carbon atoms in a chain maintain their ______ shape

A

tetrahedral

39
Q

Carbon atoms in a chain are connected in a ______ pattern

A

zigzag

40
Q

Carbon atoms in a chain are drawn as ______

A

two-dimensional

41
Q

Carbon atoms in a chain can be written in several ______

A

conformations

42
Q

is an alkane with 6 carbon atoms in a continuous
chain

A

Hexane

43
Q

has a “zigzag” look because each carbon atom is at
the center of a tetrahedron

A

Hexane

44
Q

______ are attached to carbon chains

A

Substituents

45
Q

______ are carbon branches that are missing one H and named as alkyl groups

A

Substituents

46
Q

______ are halogen atoms that are named as halo substituents

A

Substituents

47
Q

Types of Alkyl groups

A

primary alkyl group
secondary alkyl group
tertiary alkyl group

48
Q

• a carbon at the end of a chain

A

primary alkyl group

49
Q

• a carbon in the middle of a chain

A

secondary alkyl group

50
Q

• a carbon with three carbons attached to it

A

tertiary alkyl group

51
Q

A ______ carbon is bonded to one carbon.

A

primary

52
Q

A ______ carbon is bonded to two carbons.

A

secondary

53
Q

A ______ carbon is bonded to three carbons.

A

tertiary

54
Q

______ hydrogens are attached to primary carbons.

A

Primary

55
Q

______ hydrogens are attached to secondary carbons.

A

Secondary

56
Q

______ hydrogens are attached to tertiary carbons.

A

Tertiary

57
Q

Common names sometimes use “______” to indicate an straight-chain alkane.

A

n

58
Q

An alkane less one hydrogen atom is an ______ group

A

alkyl

59
Q

compounds with the same molecular formula but
different structural formulas

A

ISOMERS

60
Q

isomers that vary in the bonding attachments of atoms (isomers that differ in how their atoms are arranged in chains)

A

STRUCTURAL ISOMERS (or CONSTITUTIONAL ISOMERS)

61
Q

isomers with the same bonding attachments of
atoms but different spatial orientations.

A

STEREOISOMERS

62
Q

atoms or groups display orientation differences around a double bond or ring (cis- and trans-).

A

GEOMETRIC

63
Q

groups are on same side of ring or double bond.

A

cis

64
Q

groups are on opposite sides of ring or double bond.

A

trans

65
Q

isomers that differ as a result of the degree of
rotation around a C-C single bond.

A

CONFORMATIONAL

66
Q

An organic compound containing at least one carbon-halogen bond (C-X)
• X (F, Cl, Br, I) replaces H

A

Alkyl Halide

67
Q

Can contain many C-X bonds

A

Alkyl Halide

68
Q

Properties and some uses
• Fire-resistant solvents
• Refrigerants
• Pharmaceuticals and precursors

A

Alkyl Halide

69
Q

Numbers are used only for ______ names.

A

systematic

Organic Chemistry (2 decks)

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