UNIT I Flashcards
Study of hydrocarbons and their various derivatives
Organic chemistry
Study of all substances other than hydrocarbons and their derivatives
Inorganic chemistry
number of inorganic compounds
1.7 million
number of organic compounds
10 million
Compounds are categorized into two types:
organic compounds, inorganic compounds
from living organisms (with a vital force)
organic compounds
from minerals (without a vital force)
inorganic compounds
organic chemistry = compounds that contain ______
carbon
is a compound made from carbon atoms
organic compound
has one or more C atoms
organic compound
has many H atoms
organic compound
may also contain O, S, N, P, and halogens
organic compound
Properties of Organic Compounds
• contain carbon
• have covalent bonds
• have low melting points
• have low boiling points
• are flammable
• are soluble in nonpolar solvents
• are not soluble in water
______, ______, is an organic compound used
as a fuel.
Propane, C3H8
______, ______, is an inorganic compound composed of Na+ and Cl– ions.
NaCl, salt
Identify each of the following characteristics as most
typical of compounds that are I) inorganic or O) organic.
has a high melting point
I
Identify each of the following characteristics as most
typical of compounds that are I) inorganic or O)
organic.
is not soluble in water
O
Identify each of the following characteristics as most
typical of compounds that are I) inorganic or O)
organic.
has a formula CH3─CH2─CH3
O
Identify each of the following characteristics as most
typical of compounds that are I) inorganic or O)
organic.
has a formula MgCl2
I
Identify each of the following characteristics as most
typical of compounds that are I) inorganic or O)
organic.
burns easily in air
O
Identify each of the following characteristics as most
typical of compounds that are I) inorganic or O)
organic.
has covalent bonds
O
Atoms to the left of carbon ______ electrons.
give up
Atoms to the right of carbon ______ electrons.
accept
Carbon ______ electrons.
shares
In carbon compounds, carbon has ______ valence electrons, and hydrogen has ______
4, 1
to achieve an octet, C forms ______ bonds
four
Carbon (C) atom makes total ______ bonds
4
The sharing of four valence electrons requires the
formation of four ______ which are represented by four lines
covalent bonds
______ predicts that a carbon atom with four single, covalent bonds is tetrahedral as shown in a
(a) tetrahedron
(b) ball-and-stick model
(c) space-filling model
(d) expanded structural
formula
VSEPR theory
In organic molecules with more carbon atoms, ______ electrons are shared
valence
In organic molecules with more carbon atoms, ______ bonds form between carbon and carbon atoms
covalent
In organic molecules with more carbon atoms, ______ bonds form between carbon and hydrogen atoms
covalent
______ are positively charged.
Protons
______ have no charge.
Neutrons
______ are negatively charged.
Electrons
Atomic number = # of ______
protons
Atomic number of carbon = ______
6
Neutral carbon has six ______ and six ______.
protons, electrons
number of protons + number of neutrons = ______
mass number
mass number - number of protons = ______
number of neutrons
______ = number of protons – number of electrons
charge of an ion
have the same atomic number, but different mass numbers
isotopes
All carbon atoms have the same atomic number, but not all have the same mass number because they do not all have the same number of ______.
neutrons
The first shell is ______ to the nucleus.
closest
The closer the atomic orbital is to the nucleus, the ______ its energy.
lower
Mnemonics of electron distribution
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Describes the arrangement of electrons by sublevel
according to increasing energy
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
An electron goes into the atomic orbital with the lowest energy.
Aufbau principle
No more than two electrons can be in an atomic
orbital; the two electrons must be of opposite spin.
Pauli exclusion principle
An electron goes into an empty degenerate orbital rather than pairing up.
Hund’s rule
______ electronic configuration of an atom describes the orbitals occupied by the atom’s electrons when they are all in the available orbitals with the lowest energy.
Ground-state
______ electronic configuration results when energy is applied to an atom in the ground state, one or more electrons can jump into a higher-energy orbital. The atom then would be in an excited state.
Excited-state
