Unit I Drugs - Simplified Flashcards
Furosemide Target
Thick ascending limb
Furosemide MOA
Inhibits NaCL cotransporter (inhibiting NKCC2, the luminal Na-K-2Cl symporter)
Furosemide Role in Tx of HF
decreases volume overload
Furosemide Adverse Effects
- Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
* Hyperuricemia
Furosemide Effects on K+
Decrease x2
Furosemide Notes
Efficacious
What kind of drug is Furosemide?
Loop Diuretics
What kind of drug is Hydrochlorothiazide?
Thiazide diuretic
Hydrochlorothiazide Target
Distal convoluted tube
Hydrochlorothiazide MOA
Inhibits NaCL cotransporter
Hydrochlorothiazide Role in Tx of HF
decreases volume overload
Hydrochlorothiazide Adverse Effects
Hypokalemia
Hydrochlorothiazide Effects on K+
Decreases
Hydrochlorothiazide notes
Supplements loop diuretic in HF
What kind of drug is Spironolactone/Eplerenone?
Potassium-sparing diuretic
Spironolactone/Eplerenone Target
Collecting tubule
Spironolactone/Eplerenone MOA
Aldosterone receptor antagonist
Spironolactone/Eplerenone role in Tx of HF
- anti-remodeling action (blocks aldosterone-mediated hypertrophy)
- RAAS antagonist
Spironolactone/Eplerenone Adverse effects
- Hyperkalemia
* Gynecomastia (Spiro)
Spironolactone/Eplerenone effects on K+
increases
Spironolactone/Eplerenone Notes
Aldosterone promotes Na+ retention
What kind of drug is Lisinopril?
RAAS Antagonist (Vasodilator) - ACEI
Lisinopril MOA
Inhibits conversion of AngI to AngII
Lisinopril role in Tx of HF
- inhibits AngII-induced vasoconstriction
- anti-remodeling action
- decreases bradykinin inactivation (increases vasodilation)
Lisinopril adverse effects
- Hyperkalemia
* Cough
Lisinopril effects on K+
Increases
What kind of drugs are Valsartan/Losartan?
RAAS Antagonists (vasodilator) - ARBs
Valsartan/Losartan MOA
AngII receptor (AT1) antagonist
Valsartan/Losartan role in Tx of HF
- anti-remodeling action
* inhibits AngII-induced vasocontriction
Valsartan/Losartan adverse effects
- Slow on/off rate due to long half-life
* Many DDIs
Valsartan/Losartan effects on K+
increases
Valsartan/Losartan notes
Used in pts intolerant to ACEIs
What kind of drug is Propranolol?
Beta blocker, not approved for use in HF
What kind of drug is Metoprolol?
Beta Blocker
Metoprolol Target
β2
Metoprolol MOA
β2 antagonist
Metoprolol Role in Tx of HF
- anti-remodeling action
* reduces HR to improve EF
What kind of drug is Carvedilol?
beta-blocker, gold standard
Carvedilol target
α1, β1, β2
Carvedilol MOA
α1, β1, β2 antagonist
Carvedilol role in Tx of HF
- anti-remodeling action
* reduces HR to improve EF
What kind of drugs is Digoxin?
Cardiac glycosides (positive inotrope)
Digoxin target
Na+/K+ ATPase
Digoxin MOA
- Na+/K+ ATPase antagonist
* increase in IC Na+ leads to increase in IC Ca2+
Digoxin role in Tx of HF
• improves CO, EF, and pump function