Unit I Drugs - Simplified

Question 1

Furosemide Target

Answer 1

Thick ascending limb

Question 2

Furosemide MOA

Answer 2

Inhibits NaCL cotransporter (inhibiting NKCC2, the luminal Na-K-2Cl symporter)

Question 3

Furosemide Role in Tx of HF

Answer 3

decreases volume overload

Question 4

Furosemide Adverse Effects

Answer 4

• Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

* Hyperuricemia

Question 5

Furosemide Effects on K+

Answer 5

Decrease x2

Question 6

Furosemide Notes

Answer 6

Efficacious

Question 7

What kind of drug is Furosemide?

Answer 7

Loop Diuretics

Question 8

What kind of drug is Hydrochlorothiazide?

Answer 8

Thiazide diuretic

Question 9

Hydrochlorothiazide Target

Answer 9

Distal convoluted tube

Question 10

Hydrochlorothiazide MOA

Answer 10

Inhibits NaCL cotransporter

Question 11

Hydrochlorothiazide Role in Tx of HF

Answer 11

decreases volume overload

Question 12

Hydrochlorothiazide Adverse Effects

Answer 12

Hypokalemia

Question 13

Hydrochlorothiazide Effects on K+

Answer 13

Decreases

Question 14

Hydrochlorothiazide notes

Answer 14

Supplements loop diuretic in HF

Question 15

What kind of drug is Spironolactone/Eplerenone?

Answer 15

Potassium-sparing diuretic

Question 16

Spironolactone/Eplerenone Target

Answer 16

Collecting tubule

Question 17

Spironolactone/Eplerenone MOA

Answer 17

Aldosterone receptor antagonist

Question 18

Spironolactone/Eplerenone role in Tx of HF

Answer 18

• anti-remodeling action (blocks aldosterone-mediated hypertrophy)
• RAAS antagonist

Question 19

Spironolactone/Eplerenone Adverse effects

Answer 19

• Hyperkalemia

* Gynecomastia (Spiro)

Question 20

Spironolactone/Eplerenone effects on K+

Answer 20

increases

Question 21

Spironolactone/Eplerenone Notes

Answer 21

Aldosterone promotes Na+ retention

Question 22

What kind of drug is Lisinopril?

Answer 22

RAAS Antagonist (Vasodilator) - ACEI

Question 23

Lisinopril MOA

Answer 23

Inhibits conversion of AngI to AngII

Question 24

Lisinopril role in Tx of HF

Answer 24

• inhibits AngII-induced vasoconstriction
• anti-remodeling action
• decreases bradykinin inactivation (increases vasodilation)

Question 25

Lisinopril adverse effects

Answer 25

• Hyperkalemia

* Cough

Question 26

Lisinopril effects on K+

Answer 26

Increases

Question 27

What kind of drugs are Valsartan/Losartan?

Answer 27

RAAS Antagonists (vasodilator) - ARBs

Question 28

Valsartan/Losartan MOA

Answer 28

AngII receptor (AT1) antagonist

Question 29

Valsartan/Losartan role in Tx of HF

Answer 29

• anti-remodeling action

* inhibits AngII-induced vasocontriction

Question 30

Valsartan/Losartan adverse effects

Answer 30

• Slow on/off rate due to long half-life

* Many DDIs

Question 31

Valsartan/Losartan effects on K+

Answer 31

increases

Question 32

Valsartan/Losartan notes

Answer 32

Used in pts intolerant to ACEIs

Question 33

What kind of drug is Propranolol?

Answer 33

Beta blocker, not approved for use in HF

Question 34

What kind of drug is Metoprolol?

Answer 34

Beta Blocker

Question 35

Metoprolol Target

Answer 35

β2

Question 36

Metoprolol MOA

Answer 36

β2 antagonist

Question 37

Metoprolol Role in Tx of HF

Answer 37

• anti-remodeling action

* reduces HR to improve EF

Question 38

What kind of drug is Carvedilol?

Answer 38

beta-blocker, gold standard

Question 39

Carvedilol target

Answer 39

α1, β1, β2

Question 40

Carvedilol MOA

Answer 40

α1, β1, β2 antagonist

Question 41

Carvedilol role in Tx of HF

Answer 41

• anti-remodeling action

* reduces HR to improve EF

Question 42

What kind of drugs is Digoxin?

Answer 42

Cardiac glycosides (positive inotrope)

Question 43

Digoxin target

Answer 43

Na+/K+ ATPase

Question 44

Digoxin MOA

Answer 44

• Na+/K+ ATPase antagonist

* increase in IC Na+ leads to increase in IC Ca2+

Question 45

Digoxin role in Tx of HF

Answer 45

• improves CO, EF, and pump function