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NURS 1300 > Unit I: Ch. 29 > Flashcards

Unit I: Ch. 29 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the traditional vital signs, plus two others

A

Traditional: body temp, pulse, respiration, & blood pressure

two additional: pain and oxygen saturation

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2
Q

Checking patients vital signs shouldn’t be automatic or routine procedures, but ……

A

a thoughtful, scientific assessment

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3
Q

UAP may measure, record, and report vital signs, but what responsibilities rest with the registered nurse

A

the real assessment/interpretation of the measurements

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4
Q

what is body temperature

A

balance between heat lost and produced by body

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5
Q

what is the core temperature

A

temp of deep tissues of body, which are usually relatively constant

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6
Q

what is the surface temperature

A

temp of skin, SQ tissue, & fat, which will rise and fall with external temps

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7
Q

what are the five most important factors that affect the body’s heat production

A
  1. ) basil metabolic rate
  2. ) muscle activity
  3. ) thyroxine output
  4. ) epinephrine, norepinephrine, & sympathetic stimulation/stress response
  5. ) fever
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8
Q

what are the four ways heat is lost from the body

A

radiation, convection, conduction, evaporation

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9
Q

how is heat lost by radiation

A

heat transfer from one object to another without contact

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10
Q

how is heat lost by conduction

A

heat transfer from one molecule to a another molecule of lower temperature

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11
Q

how is heat lost by convection

A

heat dispersion by air currents

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12
Q

how is heat lost by evaporation

A

vaporization of moisture from skin, respiratory tract, & mucosa of mouth

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13
Q

what are the three physiological processes used to increase body temperature

A
  1. ) shivering increases body temp
  2. ) Inhibition of sweating to decrease heat loss
  3. ) vasoconstriction decreases heat loss
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14
Q

what are factors that affect body temperature

A

age, diurnal variations (circadian rhythms), exercise, hormones, stress, environment

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15
Q

what is the normal range for body temperature for adults

A

96.8ºF – 99.5ºF (36ºC – 37.5ºC)

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16
Q

three terms for a body temp above usual range

A

pyrexia, hyperthermia, or fever

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17
Q

term for a very high fever, 105ºF (41ºC)

A

hyperpyrexia

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18
Q

term for an extremely low body temp, 95ºF (35ºC)

A

hypothermia

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19
Q

someone who has a fever is referred to as

A

febrile

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20
Q

someone w/o a fever is referred to as

A

afebrile

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21
Q

what are the four common fever types

A

intermittent, remittent, relapsing, constant

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22
Q

what are two examples of elevated body temps that are not considered fevers

A

heat exhaustion and heat stroke

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23
Q

what is an intermittent fever

A

when body temp alternates at regular intervals of high, normal, and subnormal temps

24
Q

what is a remittent fever

A

when body temp fluctuates over a wide range of temps, all of which are above normal

25
Q

what is a relapsing fever

A

short febrile periods for a few days with periods of 1-2 days of normal temp

26
Q

what is a constant fever

A

when body temp fluctuates minimally but remains above normal

27
Q

what are the most common sites for measuring body temperatures

A

oral, rectal, axillary, tympanic membrane, temporal artery

28
Q

what is a pulse

A

wave of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart

29
Q

what is cardiac output

A

the volume of blood pumped into the arteries by the heart and equals the result of the SV x HR/min

30
Q

what is a peripheral pulse

A

a pulse located away from the heart

31
Q

what is the apical pulse

A

the central pulse located at the apex of the heart

32
Q

what are the nine pulse sites

A

temporal, carotid, apical, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, pedal (dorsalis pedis)

33
Q

what are the common methods for assessing pulse

A

palpation (feeling) or auscultation (hearing by stethoscope)

34
Q

what is tachycardia

A

heart rate that exceeds 100 bpm

35
Q

what is bradycardia

A

heart rate that’s below 60 bpm

36
Q

what is the pulse rhythm

A

pattern of beats and intervals between the beats

37
Q

what is dysrhythmia or arrhythmia

A

an irregular heart rhythm

38
Q

the force of blood with each beat is known as

A

pulse volume

39
Q

what is the apical-radial pulse assessment

A

when the apical & radial pulse is take simultaneously, typically by two nurses

40
Q

inhalation refers to what act

A

the intake of air into the lungs

41
Q

exhalation refers to what act

A

breathing air out of the lungs

42
Q

what are the two types of breathing

A

costal (thoracic) and diaphragmatic (abdominal) breathing

43
Q

breathing that involves the external intercostal muscles as well as other accessory muscles is what type of breathing

A

costal (thoracic) breathing

44
Q

breathing that involves the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm is known as what type of breathing

A

diaphragmatic (abdominal) breathing

45
Q

what qualities of breathing should be assessed when looking at respiration

A

rate, depth, rhythm, quality, and effectiveness

46
Q

what is bradypnea

A

abnormally slow respiration

47
Q

what tachypnea

A

abnormally fast respirations

48
Q

what is systolic pressure

A

the pressure of blood as a result of ventricles contracting

49
Q

what is diastolic pressure

A

pressure of blood when the ventricles are at rest

50
Q

pulse pressure is the term that describes what

A

the difference between the diastolic and systolic pressures

51
Q

when a blood pressure is persistently above normal its called

A

hypertension

52
Q

what does hypotension refer to

A

blood pressure that’s below normal

53
Q

a client that experiences a fall in blood pressure when they sit or stands has what

A

orthostatic hypotension

54
Q

the five phases of blood pressure sounds are called what

A

Korotkoff’s sounds

55
Q

the temporary disappearance of sounds normally heard over the brachial artery when the cuff pressure is high followed by the reappearance of sounds at a lower level is called what

A

an auscultatory gap

56
Q

a noninvasive device that estimates a client’s arterial blood oxygen saturation by a sensor is known as what

A

pulse oximeter

57
Q

what does an oxygen saturation value signify

A

the percent of all hemoglobin binding sites that are occupied by oxygen

NURS 1300 (11 decks)

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