Unit I Flashcards
Whats is the ECF compartment made up of?
ECF - all fluids outside the cells is divided into interstitial fluid and plasma - 11L of interstitial and 3L for plasma
What is plasma
Non cellular part of the blood, , exchanges substances continously with interstitial fluid through porous cell membranes
Hematocrit
Spuned centrifuged blood, its the heaviest compartment on the bottom which represents 45%M and 40%F - % rbc
Buffy coat
Thin white layer between plasma and formed elements (RBC )
Function of the plasma protein
Nutritive - source of prot to tissues
Osmotic P and H20 Balance: plasma prot exerts osmotic P of 25mmHg , maintain water balance
Buffering action: Plasma prot help maintain pH
Transport Lipids and other substances
Blood coagulation: w/ prothrombin and a2 fraction and fibrinogen
Classification of Plasma prot:
Alubmin a1a2b y fibrinogen
Synthesis and Fxn of Hb
Synthesis of Hb :
Pro-erythroblast ->reticulocytes leave bone marrow thru diapedesis and pass into blood stream, makes Hb until become erythrocytes
Fxn of erythropoeitin
Made in kidneys 90% and Liver 10%
RBC producer during low oxygen states, MW of 34Kda , stimulated in high altitudes for example ,
Stimulate proerythroblast from hematopoeitic stem cells in bone marrow
Chemotaxis
Bacteria/Viral toxins, degenerative tissues , products of complement prot and reaction to plasma clotting
Inflamation
1) Increase permebaility of capil membrane
2) vasodilation
3) Clotting of interstitial spaces
4) Migration of granulocytes and lymphocytes
5) Tissue swelling
Opsonizaiton
Process which bacteria and other cells are altered in such manner they are more efficinetly engulfted by phagocytes
Diapedesis
Passage of blood or any formed elements through intact walls of blood vessels
Eptiope
Antigenic determinatn
T-lymphocytes
Central role in cell-mediated immunity , mature in thymus (1e lymphoid organ)
1) Helper T cell
2) Cytotoxic T cell
3) Supressor T cell
Innate immunity
Fast + Non specific
Allow to develop adaptive immunity - include phagocytes NK and complement system
Acquired Immunity
adaptive immune system
Slow and first time exposure , but then more rapid and robust response during next 2ndary immunary response due to memroy
Albumin
Single chain protein synthesized by hepatocytes , regulated by colloidosmotic P of plasma, transports FA cholest Lipids steroids hormones AA and drugs 66 Kda
Neutrophil invasion
margination
intercell attachement
chemotaxis
PUS
mix of tissue fluids, necrotic tissue and dead macrophages and neutrophils
Hemostasis
Vascular contstriction
Platelet plug formation
Blood clot
Growth fibrous tissue
Coagulation and hemostasis
Constriction
Formation of blood clot by with vwf and platelets adhesion factors that adher by positive feedback system until loose plug is formed
Then the clot is made when prothrombin activator makes prothrombin (68Kda) to thrombin (33.7Kda)
then the thrombin used for fibrinogen (340kda) to fibrin fibers meshwork attaches to platelets
Then fibrinolysis occurs to remove the clot
How to prevent blood clotting
smooth endothelial surface layer
glycocalyx layer
thromodullin
Plasminogen and fibrinolysis
once activated into plasmin , it digest fibrin fibers and other coagulatns by tpa
results are phagocyted and macrophages eat debris
Coagulation inhitors
Prot.C and anti-thrombin released by vessel to decrease the size of clot, Plasmin and Plasminogen
