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Physiology III > UNit 4 > Flashcards

UNit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Blood flow

A

quantity of blood that passes in a given point in circulation at a given period of time - aka Cardiac Output - which is the vol of blood pumped into aorta/ per min

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2
Q

Laminar flow

A

non-turbulent steady continous flow smooth vessel, flow in streamlines,
high velocity in center of vessel

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3
Q

Turbulent flow

A

high veolicty
pulsatile nature
sudden change in diameter and turns
large vessel diameter caused

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4
Q

Reynolds number

A

measure of turbulence - use mean velocity - diameter and density all divided by viscocity

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5
Q

Blood pressure

A

Pressure exerted per unit area on the vessel wall

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6
Q

Conductance

A

proportional to diameter ^4 - is the measure of blood flow thru vessel in a given pressure difference , aka reciprocal to resistance

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7
Q

Compliance

A

total quantity of blood can be stored in a portion of circulation for each mmHg pressure rise

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8
Q

Venous return

A

rate of blood flow into heart / ea min

affected by inc blood vol, inc large vessel tone, and dilation of arterioles

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9
Q

Blood reservoirs

A

ex are spleen , liver , abd veins, lungs and heart

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10
Q

Vasomotion

A

Intermittent contraction of meta-arterioles and pre-capil sphincters

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11
Q

Caveolae

A

plasma vesicles, made from caveolin associated with cholesterols and sphingolipides play roles in transcytosis of macromolecules

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12
Q

Tissue gel

A

combo of plasma (with lower m.w prot) become entrapped in brush pile made from fine filaments of proteoglycants, - make fluids diffuse with eases

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13
Q

Starling forces:

A

1) Capil Hydrostatic P - outward of capil force
2) Interstitial Oncotic colloid osmotic P - Outward force of the intersittial fluid to the inside of capil

3) Capil plasma colloid oncotic P- inward force of fluid entering in the capil system
4) Interstitial fluid P - inward fluid of capil into interstiial spaces

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14
Q

Acute control of local blood flow

A

Achieved by rapid changes in vasodilation or vasoconstriction of arterioles - metaarterioles - precapil sphinceters - up to 8x

Vasodilator theory - theory that the greater the metab rate of o2 the more forming vasodilating substances which inc adenosine for ex and that vasodilates

Oxygen lack theory- in absence of o2 the blood vessels simply relax and dilate, causing vasomotion and speed propotional to need for oxygen

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15
Q

Blood flow autoregulation

A

Returning blood flow to normal levels- even after sustained peak of A.P
Metabolic theory - when P becomes to high it provides to much o2 and excess nutrients and that washes out the vasodilating subsantsace causing the vessels to constrict to normal

Myogenic Theory - When high pressure it stretches the vessel to much, so then the vessel constriction occurs to bring back to normal

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16
Q

Venous return

A

quantity of blood returned to the hear right atrium per minute, sum of all local blood flows , same as CO

17
Q

Bainbridge reflex

A

Its a reflex in inc heart rate due to inc CNS P, preventing blood damming of blood in veins and atrium and pulm circulation

18
Q

FrankStarling law

A

States that whne inc quantities of blood flow inot heart - it inc volume and that stretches the wall and that causes muscle to contract with increased force

19
Q

Barro-R

A

Stimulated when stretched recepeter on walls of arteries

20
Q

Vasomotor center

A

responsible to transmit parasymp (vagus nerve to heart) and Sym (symp fibbers to arteries/a’ioles and veins)
using : vasonctrictor areas , vasodialtor areas and sensory area

21
Q

Ionic influence to circulation

A 
vasoconstricts= ca , NE , Epi , ADH and AngII
Vasodilator = K+ , Mg2+ , H+ bradykinin, histamines , Adenosine
22
Q

Humoral control

A

is the control of circulation by substances secreted or absorbed into body fluids - ex:hormones and locally made factors

23
Q

What is the M.A.P of aorta?

A

100mmHg

24
Q

What are the principles of circulation

A

1-Rate of blood flow to each tissue is precisely controlled
2-C.O = sum of local tissue flows
3-Artery Regulation Pressureis independant of local flow or cardiac output (nervous reflexes )

25
Q

What are the factors taht determins blood flow

A

Pressure difference
and
Vascular resistance

26
Q

C.O

A

is the quantity of blood that flows thru aorta per given time usually 5000mL/Min

27
Q

Conductance

A

Measure of blood flow trhu a vessel for a given pressure difference
Conductance = 1/R = diameter ^4

28
Q

Vascular distensability

A

inc volume / inc pressure x ori vol

29
Q

What affects Pulse pressure

A

Stroke Vol output
Ejection of blood from systol
Compliance of arterial tree

30
Q

What is the most important to regulating circulation ?

A

The autonomic nervous system. as it is the fastest.

Physiology III (4 decks)

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