UNIT I Flashcards
What is Cohesion according to De Beaugrande and Dressler?
The relationship between text and syntax, including phenomena such as conjunction, ellipsis, anaphora or recurrence.
What is Coherence according to De Beaugrande and Dressler?
The meaning of the text, referring to elements of knowledge or to cognitive structures that do not have a linguistic realization but are implied by the language used.
What is the concept of intentionality as explained by De Beaugrande and Dressler?
One of the five criteria that a communicative event must satisfy. It relates to the attitude and purpose of the speaker or writer. It is an external factor to the text.
What are the five criteria that a communicative event must have according to Beaugrande and Dressler?
Acceptability, Informativity, situationality , intertextuality, and intentionality.
What is the concept of intertextuality according to De Beaugrande and Dressler?
It refers to two main facts:
1) A text is always related to some preceding or simultaneous discourse.
2) Texts are always linked and grouped in particular text varieties or genres (e.g.: narrative, argumentative, descriptive, etc.)
What are the three main categories in which all the definitions of discourse analysis fall?
1) Anything beyond the sentence.
2) Language use.
3) A broader range of social practice that includes non-linguistic and non-specific instances of language.
What is the difference between the formal and the functional approaches to Discourse Analysis?
Authors such as Leech and Schiffrin distinguish between these two approaches where
1) The formal approach, where discourse is defined as a a unit of language use. They see language as a tool of communication.
2) The functional approach, which defines discourse as language use. They see language as a social phenomenon.
What is Corpus linguistics?
The practice and principles of using corpora in language study.
What are the essential characteristics of corpus linguistics according to Bieber et al.?
The essential characteristics of cospus based analysis are:
1) Empiricism
2) The utilization of a large and principle collection of natural texts
3) Extensive use of computers for analysis
4) The use of both quantitative and qualitative analytical techniques
What are the seven characteristics of text as a communicative event according to De Beaugrande and Dressler?
1) Cohesion
2) Coherence
3) Intentionality
4) Acceptability
5) Informativity
6) Situationality
7) Intertextuality
What is Intentionality?
The attitude of the speaker/writer
What is acceptability?
The preparation of the reader/hearer to assess the relevance or usefulness of a text
What is informativity?
Refers to the quantity and quality of the informations
What is situationality?
Indicates that the situation in which a text is produced plays a key role in the production and reception of the message
What is the observer’s paradox?
Labov called an observer’s paradox when doing a variation analysis study since people would stop using their vernacular language in an interview setting and w people that weren’t from the same community where that vernacular language was used
