UNIT H Pharmacology

Question 1

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 1

Fluoroquinolones are a class of antibiotics approved to treat or prevent certain bacterial infections. The fluoroquinolone antibiotics include ciprofloxacin (Cipro), gemifloxacin (Factive), levofloxacin (Levaquin), moxifloxacin (Avelox), and ofloxacin (Floxin)

Question 2

Aminoglycosides

Answer 2

Aminoglycosides are used in the treatment of severe infections of the abdomen and urinary tract, as well as bacteremia and endocarditis. They are also used for prophylaxis, especially against endocarditis. Resistance is rare but increasing in frequency

The aminoglycoside class of antibiotics consists of many different agents. In the United States, gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, plazomicin, streptomycin, neomycin, and paromomycin

Question 3

Vancomycin

Answer 3

Vancomycin is used to treat colitis (inflammation of the intestine caused by certain bacteria) that may occur after antibiotic treatment. Vancomycin is in a class of medications called glycopeptide antibiotics. It works by killling bacteria in the intestines
The reference range for vancomycin trough levels is 5-15 mcg/mL. The reference range for vancomycin peak levels is 20-40 mcg/mL.

Question 4

Antifungal drugs

Amphotericin B, Nystatin

Answer 4

Amphotericin B is an antifungal medication that fights infections caused by fungus. Amphotericin B is used to treat serious, life-threatening fungal infection
Nystatin is used to treat fungal infections of the inside of the mouth and lining of the stomach and intestines. Nystatin is in a class of antifungal medications called polyenes. It works by stopping the growth of fungi that cause infection

Question 5

Anticoagulants

Answer 5

Anticoagulants are medicines that help prevent blood clots. They’re given to people at a high risk of getting clots, to reduce their chances of developing serious conditions such as strokes and heart attacks. A blood clot is a seal created by the blood to stop bleeding from wounds.
Warfarin, heparin

Question 6

Antiplatelet

Answer 6

Antiplatelets are medicines that stop cells in the blood (platelets) from sticking together and forming a clot. A blood clot can lead to a heart attack or stroke. Aspirin is the most common antiplatelet. At a low dose, aspirin reduces inflammation in the arteries
clopidogrel (Plavix)
ticagrelor (Brilinta)
prasugrel (Effient)
dipyridamole.
dipyridamole/aspirin (Aggrenox)
ticlopidine (Ticlid)
eptifibatide (Integrilin)